RESOURCES / 英语学习资源
RESOURCES / 英语学习资源
秀丽英语学习软件支持网上下载的各种视频文件，配合srt格式的英文字幕，就可以用于学习。
以下是为方便大家学习，从网上搜集的一些资源，资源添加中。
美国：我们的故事 第六集 Heartland/腹地
The Transcontinental Railroad unites the nation and transforms the Heartland. Native American civilizations decline as farmers settle the continent. Cattle replace wild buffalo as king of the Plains; the Cowboy becomes a new American icon. 横贯大陆的铁路，使国家团结和变换中心。美国本土文明的衰落为农民解决大陆。牛取代野生水牛平原之王；牛仔成为一个新的美国偶像。
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英汉双语对照剧本
The Civil War is over.
内战结束了
Survivors head out across the frontier.
战争幸存者从拓荒线上的各处进发
A vast wilderness separates East and West.
一片无际的荒野隔开了美国东西部
Veterans become railway men,
老兵摇身一变 成为铁路工人
cowboys...
牛仔
settlers.
移民
Conquering nature, they'll unite the continent.
他们将征服自然 连接整个大陆
Their mission: to tame the Wild West.
他们的使命就是 驯服西部的荒野
We are pioneers...and trailblazers.
我们是前锋 也是先驱
We fight for freedom.
我们为自由而战
We transform our dreams into the truth.
我们将梦想付诸现实
Our struggles will become a nation.
我们的奋斗将换来一个国家的新生
1865. The Great Plains.
1865年的北美大平原
Where 30 million buffalo roam.
3000万头美洲野牛在此狂奔
Vast, untouched, a wilderness dividing America.
这片广袤而未开发的荒原 把美国一分为二
Crossing the continent takes six months.
横跨北美大陆需要花六个月
20,000 die on wagon trains.
西行的马车队中 有20000人半途丧命
By ship, it's an 18,000 mile journey around South America.
从水路需要绕道南美洲航行18000英里
To conquer the wilderness and unite East and West,
为了征服荒原 连接东西两岸
President Lincoln green-lights a transcontinental railroad,
林肯总统批准修建一条横贯东西的铁路
2,000 miles long.
足有2000英里长
It will transform the nation
它将改变整个国家
triggering a tidal wave of settlement across the Great Plains.
引发一轮跨越大平原移民的热潮
Railroads were vital to the expansion of America.
铁路对美国的扩张发展至关重要
This technology connects people in a way
这项技术以一种
that never before in the history of mankind
史无前例的方式
has there been that kind of connection.
将人们紧密相连
America's ancient wilderness
美国古老的荒原
meets modern American modern steel and muscle.
遭遇了现代技术与人力
An army of hammer-wielding men,
一大批挥舞榔头的工人
Irish immigrants.
有的是爱尔兰移民
Civil War vets.
有的是内战老兵
Railway men.
如今都成了铁路工人
Their mission: to tame nature itself.
他们的使命:征服大自然
The biggest obstacle heading east from California,
最大的障碍是 位于加利福尼亚东面的
a 12,000-foot wall of granite,
高达12000英尺的悬崖峭壁
the Sierra Nevada.
内华达山脉
With the Pacific of North America plates alive,
由于北美洲毗邻的太平洋板块运动活跃
billions of tons of ancient rock rise up
几十亿吨古老岩石拔地而起
crumpling like tinfoil.
就像锡纸被挤皱起来一样
Over the last 4 million years,
在过去的400万年里
the Sierra Nevada mountains climb more than 2 miles high.
内华达山脉上升了2英里多
They're still growing. 13 Feet in 1,000 years.
至今仍以每1000年13英尺的速度在升高
One day they could rival the Himalayas.
总有一天它会和喜马拉雅山一较高下
Only a mad man could dream of running a railroad
只有疯子才会想让铁路
across mountains like this.
从这样的山中贯穿而过
They don't call him crazy Judah for nothing.
人们叫他疯狂的犹大 并不是平白无故
Obsessed with the railroad, he sees a way through.
对铁路的疯狂痴迷 让他终于找到了解决之道
Come on down, boys.
下来 小伙子们
Theodore Judah makes 23 trips into the peaks.
西奥多·犹大曾23次攀上山顶
And peg that, boys.
把那个钉上
Plotting a path across ridges and through mountain summits,
测绘出一条横穿山脊并通过山顶的路线
building it will be the engineering challenge of the century.
修建这段铁路是那个世纪最大的工程挑战
Yup, let's mark that.
好的 做个标记
This is the most magnificent project ever conceived.
这是一项成就空前的伟大创举
An enterprise more important
这项工程对于美国人意义重大
to the people of the United States than any other.
其他工程完全不可同日而语
The railroad will be built,
铁路终将被建成
and I will have something to do with it.
而我也为之出了一把力
Americans love someone who can go through
美国人崇尚一种
seemingly difficult or impossible things,
克服一切困难 冲破万难
and make their dreams happen.
最终实现梦想的精神
With Judah's route approved,
犹大的路线得到认可后
two companies begin work.
两家公司开始合作
The Union Pacific starts from Omaha in the east;
联合太平洋铁路公司从东边的奥马哈开始
the Central Pacific
而中央太平洋铁路公司
from Sacramento in the west.
则从西边的萨克拉门托开始
They'll meet in Utah.
最终在犹他州会师
It'll cost over $2 billion in modern money,
工程造价相当于现在的20亿美元
but the government doesn't have enough cash.
但政府却没有足够的资金
It pays the companies in federal land.
所以用联邦土地作为报酬 支付给两家公司
They must finish in 15 years or lose everything.
但规定需在15年内完工 否则将分文不给
We have learned in this country,
我们在这个国家学习到
you don't get anywhere in life if you don't take risks.
没有冒险精神的人将寸步难行
I think America is by far
我认为美国之所以
the shining light of the world in so many ways
在很多领域都名列前茅
because we are risk takers.
就在于我们敢于承担风险
Paid by the mile, adding curve adds profit.
按英里计费 多造弯道显然能多赚钱
Corrupt investors built the railroad for every cent they can,
利欲熏心的公司为多得土地 无所不用其极
a nine mile curve
修建一条9英里的弯道
means an extra 120 acres of federal land,
就意味着能多得120英亩联邦土地
and they'll end up owning
照此下去 他们相当于拥有了
an area the size of Texas.
面积堪比德克萨斯州的土地
First they must conquer the Donner Pass.
首先他们需要征服唐纳之路
7500 feet up, the highest Judah's route.
高达7500英尺 是犹大路线中的最高点
Cursed by 30 feet o of snow each winter.
每个冬天 积雪深达30英尺
Avalanches, tragedy.
雪崩等惨剧时有发生
Here just 20 years earlier,
就在仅仅20年前
the Donner Party became trapped in the snow
唐纳一行受困于暴风雪之中
and ate each other.
最后只得食人
Now Judah's railroad cuts right through the mountain,
由于犹大的铁路直接贯穿山脉
1649 feet of rock must be excavated,
需要挖掘1649英尺深的石头
the longest tunnel on the route.
才能成就这条线路上最长的隧道
Chinese laborers dig day and night.
中国工人夜以继日地开凿
It's easier to ship workers from China
从中国运来劳工
than to get Americans across the continent.
比在美国大陆招募工人容易得多
The railroad magnets said,
铁路大王说
"The Chinese built a g great wall, didn't they?
中国人建造了长城 不是吗
Let's bring the Chinese in to do this work."
那我们就招募中国人来施工
Over 10,000 Chinese laborers
超过10000名中国工人
earn less and do the deadliest jobs.
在最凶险的环境中工作 工资反而更少
The transcontinental railroad was built by Chinese workers
这条横贯大陆的铁路是中国工人修建的
brought over specifically to work on the railroad,
他们被专门引进来建这条铁路
and they were considered somewhere in between human and animal.
他们的待遇 可以说是比牲口好不到哪去
They were not expected to survive.
没人指望他们能够生还
They were expected to come here and work and die.
他们的命运就是死在工地上
7,000 miles from home,
背井离乡7000英里
17-year-old Hung Leiwo
对于17岁的洪雷沃来说
swaps a life in poverty in Canton
他在广东捉襟见肘的生活变成
for a back-breaking work on the railroad gang.
修建工地上每日筋疲力竭的工作
Hung Leiwo must cut through granite so tough,
洪雷沃必须使出全力来开凿岩石
a rock the size of a big toe
才能使大脚趾般大的石头
will support 50 tons of locomotive.
足以承受重达50吨的火车头
Progress slows to inches a day.
工程的进展变得异常缓慢
To breakthrough, they need nitroglycerin,
想要有所突破 就得用炸药
but transporting it is banned
但是运输炸药是违禁的
when 15 men are blown to pieces.
因为它的威力能把15个人炸得血肉横飞
In a mobile lab,
在一个移动实验室中
Scottish chemist James Houghton
苏格兰化学家詹姆斯·霍顿
mixes it on the spot.
现场配制炸药
Nitroglycerin is 13 times more powerful than gun powder.
炸药的威力是普通火药的13倍多
So unstable.
但它非常不稳定
Any physical shock, and it will explode in his hand.
任何震动 都可能导致它当场爆炸
Houghton gets hazard pay.
霍顿的工作高风险高回报
$4,000 a month in modern money.
每月收入相当于现在的4000美元
After three months in the mountains, he turns to drink,
在山里面待了三个月后 他开始酗酒
leaving the nitro to Chinese men like Hung Leiwo,
把配制炸药的工作扔给洪雷沃这样的中国人
Irish crews won't touch it.
爱尔兰工人则避之不及
Detonation creates temperatures of 9,000 degrees.
爆炸会使温度飙升至9000华氏度
It's hot as the surface of the sun.
和太阳表面温度一样高
An estimated 1500 Chinese
大约有1500名中国工人
die in explosions and rock slides.
死于爆炸和岩石塌方
Hung Leiwo survives.
洪雷沃得以幸存
His son will be the first Chinese-American
他的儿子成了第一位
to graduate an engineering
毕业于加州大学伯克利分校
from the University of California at Berkeley.
工程专业的美籍华人
Once through the mountains,
打通了山脉之后
track laying accelerates
火车轨道的铺设速度大大加快
from 10 inches to 6 miles a day.
从每天10英寸提高到每天6英里
Each spike is struck 3 times.
每个道钉钉3下
10 spikes to a rail.
每节铁轨10个道钉
400 rails a mile.
每英里有400节铁轨
21 Million hammer swings complete the railroad.
需要挥舞2100万下榔头 铁路才能完工
May 10th, 1869.
1869年5月10日
A one word message arrives by telegraph:
电报传来一条只有一个词的消息
"Done".
完工
A six-month journey across the continent
从前横穿大陆要6个月
is cut to 6 days.
现在缩减为6天
The folks would once had to risk everything in a wagon train.
从前人们得押上全副身家才能加入西进的马车队
That is eliminated.
如今再也用不上了
You can now can get on the railroad
你现在可以坐上火车
and travel from Boston to Sacramento.
从波士顿一直坐到萨克拉门托
That's a revolution.
这就是革命
The Internet of the area, the transcontinental railroad,
贯穿大陆的铁路网
changes everything it touches,
改变了沿途的一切
triggering a mass migration to the Great Plains
给大平原带来了大量的移民
The Great Plains conquered by steel and steam.
蒸汽火车征服了整个大平原
The transcontinental railroad
横贯大陆的铁路
threads a thin line of civilization through the wilderness.
为沿途的荒芜地区带来了文明
People follow.
随之而来的是人口
In just one year,
仅仅一年里
40,000 settlers move to Nebraska,
40000移民奔向内布拉斯加州
fanning out across the frontier in wagon trains.
他们乘坐的马车奔向内陆的四面八方
When in the mid-19th century to the late 19th century,
从19世纪中叶到19世纪末
they went out and settled
他们离开家乡定居在
some hostile territory known to mankind.
一些不适合人类居住的恶劣环境
The Great Plain where I grew up.
我就是在大平原长大的
These were true pioneers.
他们是真正的先驱
The government accelerates the process
政府慷慨的土地给予政策
with the greatest land giveaway in history.
又加速了这一进程
Anyone with a $10 filing fee
任何人只要花10美元的登记费
can claim free land.
就可以得到免费的土地
A quarter are single women and ex-slaves.
其中四分之一是单身女性和昔日的奴隶
When you see the desperate scramble
当你看到 绝望的人们
in these rickety wagon trains,
争相挤上颠簸的四轮马车
you realize that promise of America was land.
你会意识到美国的未来寄托在土地之上
These are people who never in a million years
就算再过一百万年
would be a able own land in New York.
这些人也不可能在纽约州拥有土地
Eventually 10% of the United States
最终 美国10%的土地
will be given away under the Homestead Act.
根据《宅地法》被分配了出去
I'm not going back to Indiana to rent
我绝不回印第安纳租地种
until I bust entirely and have to walk back.
除非我分文不剩 不得不走回去
Uriah Oblinger, Civil War vet
内战老兵乌利亚·奥布林格
claims his 160 acres in Nebraska.
在内布拉斯加州得到了他的160英亩地
There's a catch.
但遇到了麻烦
110 degrees summers spark prairie fires.
夏季华氏110度的高温引发了草原大火
Trees can't survive the drought on the plains.
平原上的树木因为干旱无法存活
There's so little rain, nothing grows here but grass.
雨水稀少 只有草可以存活
Without lumber to build houses,
由于缺乏造房子用的木材
the new inhabitants live in mud huts.
新居民就只能住在泥屋中
Built of sod, cut from the plains.
泥屋由平原上割下的茅草建造而成
Uriah dismantles his wagon to make doors and windows.
乌利亚把马车拆了 用来做门窗
They often had insects.
他们饱受蚊虫的滋扰
They invited snakes.
还有蛇不请自来
It was pretty much like living in a burrow in the ground.
这跟住在洞里没什么两样
I think the pioneers did have it hard.
我想先驱们的生活确实很苦
They conserved. They were frugal.
他们保守而节俭
One dress lasted a long long time.
一件衣服可以穿很长时间
For Uriah's wife Mattie, it's a price worth paying.
对乌利亚的妻子马蒂来说 这些都是值得的
I expect you think we live miserable
你可能会觉得我们生活得很凄苦
because we are in a sod house.
因为我们住的是茅草搭建的泥屋
But I'll tell you, in solid earnest, I never enjoyed myself better.
但说实在的 我觉得再没地方比这里好
Every liquid we strike is for ourselves
每一滴汗都为自己流
and not half of someone else's.
没被别人榨取一分一毫
The devout Oblingers face daily tests of their faith.
奥布林格一家虔诚的信念 每天都在经受考验
With no mountains to stop the wind,
由于没有山脉阻挡强风
the Great Plains are a breeding ground for massive thunder storms.
大平原成为了大雷雨的多发地带
The most objection I have to the weather here is the wind.
这里最难对付的天气就是大风天
There's a great deal of it during the winter and spring,
冬春两季大风尤其频繁
and being nothing to break it, one feels it more.
由于沿路没有阻挡 威力就更强了
Not too far, honey.
别走远 亲爱的
The Oblingers live in tornado alley.
奥布林格一家住在龙卷风多发带
More twisters in this region
这个地区的龙卷风
than anywhere else on earth.
比地球上其他任何地方都多
Honey!
亲爱的
Over 400 touch down every year
每年400多轮龙卷风过境
Tell the folks they never seen a storm in Indianna,
要是谁说在印第安纳却从没见过龙卷风
only playthings.
绝对是开玩笑
200 miles an hour winds spin into a vortex,
时速200英里的大风卷成漩涡
sucking in air and anything not bolted down.
吸进空气以及未能深植于大地的一切
In 1930, a man is carried a mile across the Kansas,
1930年 有个人在堪萨斯被风吹走了一英里
fish and toads rain from the sky.
鱼和蟾蜍从天而降
The Oblingers hunker down in their heavy sod house,
奥布林格一家蜷缩在他们结实的茅屋中
clinging to their new found independence.
坚守着这份来之不易的独立
I think that we're a nation of people descended
我认为我们的民族是
from tough old coots and tough old broads.
坚强的老傻瓜和老女人的后代
And I say that with great admiration.
我说这话时心怀无限敬意
They just wanted to control their own future,
他们只是想要主导自己的未来
and to have children who could control their own destiny,
想让下一代能够掌握自己的命运
Tornadoes aren't the only biblical challenge the Oblingers face.
奥布林格一家遭遇的圣经所说的考验 还不止龙卷风
By the river of Rockies,
在落基山下的河畔
the end of the world, it's brewing.
世界末日 正悄然逼近
A prehistoric species emerges to
一个古老物种的出现
battle for the Great Plains.
将大平原的人们逼向绝境
Locusts.
蝗虫
After devouring the local vegetation,
将当地植物祸害一空后
they released pheromones that signal it's time to move on.
又释放出信息素 作为继续前进的信号
They grow long wings.
它们翅膀很长
These worms head east on the wind.
这些害虫们顶风向东
They join up over the Great Plains and become a plague.
聚集在大平原上 形成了大规模蝗灾
In 1874, they devour half of the crops in the West.
仅1874一年 就毁掉了西部一半的收成
Three trillion locusts.
三万亿蝗虫
Half a mile high, 100 miles wide.
聚集成半英里高 100英里宽
1,000 miles long, as big as Colorado.
长达1000英里 相当于科罗拉多州的面积
They block out the sun.
遮天蔽日
Agricultural Armageddon.
这是农业的末日浩劫
To men like Uriah, the locust are the wrath of God.
在乌利亚等人看来 蝗灾是上帝的惩罚
By 1892,
1892年
half the population of western Nebraska goes east.
内布拉斯加州西部有一半人口向东回迁
Uriah stays.
而乌利亚坚守了下来
You have to be brave in order to achieve in this country.
想在这个国家有所成就 就得勇敢过人
because nothing is set right there for you.
因为在这里 一切都得靠自己
You have to take chances.
生存就是一场冒险
And I think bravery and fear are the same things.
我认为 勇敢也好 畏惧也罢
It's just a matter of how you react to that same feeling.
只是面对相同感受的不同反应而已
Those who stick it out get lucky.
坚持下来的人是幸运的
Within 30 years, the locust is extinct.
此后不到30年 这里的蝗虫绝迹了
It's breeding grounds in the Rockies
落基山脚下肥沃的土地
plowed over by settlers like Uriah.
任由像乌利亚一样的移民们开垦
In 10 years,
此后的10年间
the Great Plains become the bread basket of the country.
大平原成了整个国家的粮仓
For the first time, America can feed itself.
美国第一次实现了粮食自给
Today 50 million tons of wheat is farmed each year,
如今 这里的小麦年产量已达5000万吨
but trees are still scarce,
但树木依然稀少
and to build towns settlers need wood.
为建造城镇 移民们急需木材
In Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota,
在密歇根 威斯康星与明尼苏达
loggers harvest over 50 million acres of trees.
伐木工人们砍掉了整整5000万英亩森林
Green gold.
绿色的金子
A magnet for Scandinavian woodsmen.
如磁铁一般 吸引着斯堪的纳维亚樵夫
Between 1825 and 1925,
从1825年到1925年 这一百年间
a third of Norway's entire population comes to America.
挪威总人口的三分之一来到美国
including Nils Haugen.
尼尔斯·豪根便是其中一员
The pay was $3 a day.
当时的薪水是每天3美元
You had to have a good pair of driving boots
每个人都要准备一双结实的靴子
well caulked to be able to keep on top of the logs.
密不渗水 以便能踩在漂浮的原木上
There's millions of dollars at stake.
事关百万美金的生意
If the flow of logs stops, towns can't be built.
如果木材不能顺流而下 城镇便无法建造
Log jams. River man's ruin.
原木阻塞是河工们的噩梦
In 1886,
1886年
pines to build 20,000 homes
可建两万所房屋的松木
get stopped on the St.Croix River.
堵在了圣克罗伊河上
150 Million feet of wood.
1.5亿英尺的木材
Remove the right log,
只要移开关键部位的木材
and the rest will explode downstream.
其余的便会奔流而下
Rivermen die clearing the obstructions like this.
类似的排障过程中 有些河工失去了生命
In 1892,
1892年
2 billion feet of lumber will be cut in Wisconsin alone.
仅威斯康星一州就砍伐了20亿英尺木材
The railroad feeds lumber into the West's construction boom.
木材经由铁路运往各地 促进西部建设繁荣
Towns are built so fast,
城镇如雨后春笋般发展起来
there's no time to name streets.
人们甚至无暇为街道命名
They're given letters and numbers.
代之以字母或序号
The Great Plains is also home to
大平原上还栖息着
the most numerous species of large wild mammal on earth.
世界上大型野生哺乳动物中数量最多的一种
30 million buffalo,
3000万头美洲野牛
herds up to 25 miles long,
集结成长达25英里的牛群
race to summer breeding grounds.
向夏季的繁殖地狂奔
On a collision course with the modern world.
却不幸与现代世界迎面相撞
The railroad brings a new kind of hunter to the Great Plains.
铁路把新一代的猎手带到了大平原
Driven by profit,
在利益的驱使下
fresh from the carnage of the Civil War.
刚刚经过内战的洗礼
Two million rifles are in circulation.
200万支来福枪触手可及
Over a million veterans trained to use them
这让100万训练有素的退伍军人
have a new target in their sights.
有了新的标靶
Frank Mayer, Civil War vet.
法兰克·梅尔 内战退伍军人
Buffalo hunter.
野牛猎手
I had nothing to look forward to in civilization.
在现代文明中 我没有任何用武之地
I was crazy about guns.
我对枪异常痴迷
Mayer tracks 2,000 pound buffalo,
梅尔追踪着这些足有2000磅重的野牛
easily capable of crushing a man.
每一头都能轻易将人碾碎
He picks them off from 200 yards
他在200码[约182米]外狙击
If you could kill them,
只要你能够杀死它
what they brought was yours.
它身上的一切尽归你所有
They were walking gold pieces.
它们就是活生生的金子
Hunters harvest the buffalo for its hide.
猎人射杀野牛只为谋求牛皮
In 1872,
1872年
they ship over one million out of Kansas alone,
只从堪萨斯一地就运出了100万张牛皮
worth $3 a piece back East.
在东海岸 每张可卖到3美元
On a good day, Mayer earns more than the President.
运气好时 梅尔的收入甚至高过总统
Factories use long strong strips of buffalo leather as drag belts
工厂用长而强韧的长条牛皮作为牵引带
Small pieces become coats and shoes.
小块的皮则做成衣服和鞋
To meet demand,
为满足大量需求
hunters kill 8,000 buffalo a day for their hides alone.
猎人们为获取牛皮每天射杀8000头水牛
For America, this is progress,
在白人看来 这是大势所趋
because this is a natural resource.
因为这就是利用自然资源
From the Indian's perspective,
但在印第安人看来
they couldn't understand
他们完全不理解
what the white people were doing.
白人为什么这样做
But, of course, they knew that the decimation of those
但当然 他们知道如此大量屠杀野牛
buffalo herds would change their lives forever.
必将永久地改变他们的命运
The Plain Indians
大平原上的印第安人
depend on the buffalo and worship them.
靠野牛生存 将其奉为神物崇拜
The buffalo were our strength from whence we came,
野牛是我们的力量之源
and whose breast we suck as babies all our lives.
同时也是哺育我们的母亲
Black Elk is 6 years old when the railroad arrives.
猎人们乘火车到来时 巴拉克·艾尔克年仅6岁
Unlike the white hunters,
与白人猎手们不同
his people waste none of their kill.
他的族人非常讲究物尽其用
Sinews become bow strings.
筋腱做成弓弦
Bones are cups and spoons.
骨头用作器皿
Skin is clothing, tepees and coffins.
牛皮做成衣物 帐篷或是棺椁
Native Americans and buffalos have co-existed since the last ice age.
印第安人与野牛 自冰河时期以来共存
Black Elk's ancestors hunted them on foot.
巴拉克·艾尔克的祖先曾徒步捕猎野牛
There were no horses to ride.
那时没有马可骑
The modern horse isn't native to North America.
现代的马并不是北美当地物种
Spanish conquistadors brought them from Europe in 1493,
而是西班牙征服者1493年从欧洲带来的
Some escaped to the Great Plains.
有些马匹逃到了大平原
Perfect horse habitat.
这里是马匹的完美栖息地
400 years later,
经过400年的繁衍生息
over a million mustangs run wild.
此时在草原上驰骋的野马已过百万
Taming horses transformed
驯化的马匹彻底改变了
the life of the Plains Indian.
大平原上印第安人的生活
They become expert horsemen.
他们成为了专业骑手
The battle cry went up.
狩猎口号由此兴起
Hokahey! Which means "to charge."
当喊道"Hokahey" 意为攻击
and the hunters went in for the kill.
猎手们便一齐蜂拥而上 射杀猎物
On horse back, the bow is the weapon of choice.
在马背上 弓箭是最佳武器
And the time it takes to reload a gun,
枪支重新装弹所用的的时间
a warrior can ride 300 yards,
足够一名战士策马狂奔300码
and fire 20 arrows.
张弓发箭20支
Buffalo can run at 35 miles an hour.
野牛奔跑时速高达35英里
Hunts cover hundreds of miles over many days.
狩猎范围方圆几百英里 时间长达数日
It can take 15 arrows to kill a buffalo.
射死一头野牛需要15支箭
White hunters like Frank Mayer use a single cartridge.
而像法兰克·梅尔这样的白人猎手 只需子弹一发
He aims for the lungs.
对准肺部
A clean kill drops a buffalo without disturbing the herd.
干净利落地放倒一头牛 丝毫不曾惊动牛群
30 Million are killed in a little over a decade.
短短十几年 3000万头野牛死在枪口下
After hunters take the hides,
在猎手剥下牛皮之后
train loads of men arrive to pick their carcasses.
火车载着工人接踵而至 拉走剩下的残骸
They make buttons from bones
他们利用牛骨做扣子
and grind down skeletons for fertilizer and porcelain.
把骨架打磨成粉用作肥料或是制作瓷器
The primary resource keeping Native Americans alive is gone.
原住民靠天吃饭赖地穿衣的日子一去不复返了
Facing starvation, they're forced on to reservations.
面对着灭顶的饥荒 他们被迫迁往保留地
My great-great-grandmother, Grandma Big Eagle
我的曾曾祖母 巨鹰太祖
was alive when buffalo hunting ended.
在捕猎野牛时代终结时还活着
They weren't just saying good-bye to kind of food stuff.
他们挥别的不仅是赖以生存的食物
They were saying good-bye to a way of being in the world.
同时也是在挥别整个种族的生存方式
I think for them to look back on that
我想 当他们回顾那段历史时
was just unspeakably sad.
只会是难以言表的悲愤
In 1889,
1889年
just 85 wild buffalo exist in the whole United States.
全美仅存85头野牛
The men who ride the great iron horse
人类驾着铁骑
are taming the wilderness.
践踏着自然 征服着每一寸荒野
The railroad
铁路
will bring another modern American icon to the Great Plains.
把新时代美国的另一标志烙在了大平原上
The last of the great frontier's man.
他们是最后的开拓者
1865.
1865年
The Civil War leaves cities on the Eastern Seaboard
内战使得东海岸经济千疮百孔
stripped the resources.
物资严重匮乏
The country's booming population needs food.
另一方面 激增的人口需要大量食物供给
In Texas, over 6 million cattle roam wild
德克萨斯州 拥有600万头野牛
worth $4 a head here,
此地只值4美元一头
but back East they're worth 40.
但在东海岸 却能卖到40美元
By 1868, the railroad spreads from the East,
到了1868年 从东海岸延伸过来的铁路
crossing Kansas, but it hasn't reached Texas.
已贯穿堪萨斯 但仍未通到德克萨斯
There's still 1,000 miles of Wild West
西部仍有1000英里蛮荒之地
between the herds and the railroad.
横亘在牧群与铁路之间
For that kind of cattle drive,
赶牛的任务应运而生
America needs a new kind of hero.
美利坚需要新一代的英雄
The cowboy.
牛仔
After the Civil War,
内战结束后
60% of the South's population lives in rural poverty.
六成南方农民忍受着贫困的煎熬
In search of work,
为了生计
a new kind of adventurer heads west
人们向西进发开始了新一轮冒险
to cattle towns like Abilene, Wichita and Dodge City.
到阿比林 威奇托和道奇城等有牛的城市谋生
One farmhand heading to Texas is Teddy Blue Abbott.
泰迪·布鲁·艾伯特便是跋涉至德克萨斯的农工之一
23-year-old Teddy Blue
年仅23岁的泰迪·布鲁
is the son of a Nebraska homesteader.
是内布拉斯加州一个自耕农的儿子
My father wanted to tie me down
我父亲想把我拴在家里
and make a farmer out of me.
乖乖接班做农民
Never.
绝不可能
I ran away from home to become a cowboy.
我从家里逃出来 开始了牛仔生涯
The cowboy mentality is a spirit of individuals.
牛仔是一种独立精神的体现
I have a communion with land, with my horse.
我和大地相连 和我的马相依为命
It symbolizes of a resistance to the authority.
它象征着对于强权的反抗
Teddy Blue is one of 35,000 cowboys
35000名牛仔将牛群赶到
who will drive cattle to the railroad in Kansas.
堪萨斯州的铁路上 泰迪·布鲁便是其一
Standing in their way, 1,000 miles of untamed West,
他们将要面对的 是绵延1000英里的西部荒野
unforgiving terrain and gangs of ruslters.
极度险峻的地形 和成群结伙的山贼
For only $1 a day,
虽然日薪只一美元
cowboys must be skilled horsemen
但要求牛仔不仅要骑技高超
and cattle wranglers.
还要熟知牛的习性
The lasso dates back to the ancient Egyptians.
套索的使用 可追溯到古埃及
Mexican ranchers have been using them for centuries
墨西哥的牧场工人沿用数百年
and pass their skills on to cowboys north of the border.
并将此技术传授给了北方边境的牛仔
Cattle brought over by the Spanish in 1493
1493年 西班牙人将家牛引进美国
had bred with settlers' cows from England
与英国移民所带来的乳牛杂交后
breeding a new breed, the Texas Longhorn.
培育出了一个新品种 德克萨斯长角牛
After centuries roaming the plains,
在大平原上繁衍了数百年
they're wild and easily spooked.
这些牛难以驯服 易受惊吓
Teddy Blue hears what every cowboy dreads.
泰迪·布鲁听到了会令所有牛仔胆寒的声音
Stampede.
惊跑
Over four cattle drives,
在4趟赶牛中
Teddy Blue buries three pals.
泰迪·布鲁亲手埋葬了3个兄弟
A tough job for tough man.
此中艰辛 非常人所能承受
One out of three cowboys is Hispanic or African-American.
牛仔中 西班牙裔与非裔美国人占了三分之一
After the Civil War,
内战结束后
thousands of freed slaves head to Texas looking for work.
数千重获自由的奴隶到德克萨斯州谋生
One is a 23-year-old, from Alabama. Matt Love.
其中一个是来自亚拉巴马的23岁的马特·莱夫
It's his first chance to be judged for his skills,
他有生以来第一次能靠实力证明自己
and not just the color of his skin.
而不再因自己的肤色 抬不起头
The guys on the team were as broad-minded as the plains.
伙伴们的心胸像草原一样开阔
It's every creed for himself
这是每个人所持的信条
and every friend for each other till the end.
也是使友谊常青的相处之道
Many of the cowboys, to the surprise of most of us,
让很多人意想不到的是
happen to be African Americans.
很多牛仔是非裔美国人
Black people had the dream of conquering the imagination
黑人也有突破想象力极限的冲动
just like white people do.
这一点和白人一样
The West, vast, wild, lawless,
辽阔 野性 没有法律约束的西部
with herds worth up to $200,000.
驰骋着总值达20万美元的牲畜
Cowboys guard the cattle with their lives, and their guns.
牛仔用他们的生命和枪支保卫牛群
Guns are a way of life in Texas then and now.
枪就是德州人生活的一部分
Even today, Texans own over 51 million firearms.
直至今天 德州人枪支持有数超过5100万
It's very intrinsic to the American culture
它是美国文化和美国形象
and the American identity.
非常本质的一面
We always had a pistol or a rifle.
我们手里总是拿着支手枪或来福枪
And I think it's part of "Don't try to tell me what to do".
并且我认为这体现了美国式的独立精神
"I'll fight off my enemies on my own."
"我要凭自己的力量击退我的敌人"
The cowboy's gun of choice, the Colt 45.
牛仔用枪的首选 柯尔特点45
The fastest handgun in the west.
西部射击速度最快的手枪
Six shots without reloading.
六弹连发 不用上膛
Colt produces over 30 million guns.
柯尔特生产的枪支超过3000万
The most popular being the iconic 45.
其中最受欢迎的就是经典的点45
In 1873, a Colt 45 cost $17,
1873年 一支柯尔特点45售价17美元
half a cowboy's monthly salary.
相当于普通牛仔半个月的薪水
Six rounds of bullets.
六发子弹
Half a day's pay.
则相当于半天的工资
Frontier men would say,
拓荒者们常这样说
Abraham Lincoln may have freed all men,
如果说亚伯拉罕·林肯解放了所有人
but Sam Colt made them equal.
那么实现人人平等的却是山姆·柯尔特
Cowboys drive 5 million cattle
牛仔们要将500万头牛
from Texas to the railroad in Kansas.
从德克萨斯一直赶到堪萨斯的铁路沿线
The largest migration of livestock in US History.
这是美国历史上最大规模的家畜迁徙
But one simple invention
不过一个简单的发明
will soon threaten the cowboy's entire way of life.
很快将会对整个牛仔生活方式构成威胁
Barbed wire.
铁丝网
In just 20 years
短短20年内
two and a half million new settlers flood into the west.
250万新移民蜂拥来到西部
New farms cover half a billion acres of open range.
5亿英亩的野牧场被辟为农场
A new battle rages.
新的战斗初现端倪
Cattle rancher versus homesteader.
牛仔与自耕农之战
Cowboys like Teddy Blue and farmers are
像泰迪·布鲁这样的牛仔和耕种者之间
on a collision course.
冲突在所难免
They'd plant the crop next to the trail.
他们在牛仔的赶牛沿线种有庄稼
When the cattle got into their wheat,
一旦牛群踩进了麦田
they'd come out waving a shotgun yelling for damages.
他们就会挥舞猎枪跳出来要求赔偿损失
Boundary disputes are violent, often deadly.
地界争端导致暴力冲突 常有人死亡
One farmer is determined
一名农夫下决心
to find a cheap and effective way
要找到一个花费少且行之有效的方法
to keep livestock off his land.
将牲畜挡在他的地界外
Joseph Glidden.
他的名字叫约瑟夫·格利登
When we think about innovation in America,
一谈及美国人的创新
we often think about
我们常常想到的是
a big audacious projects like the Apollo project,
像阿波罗登月这样的宏大工程
but there's another strain to American innovation.
但美国的创新还有另一种来源
That's the local inventor.
那就是平民发明家
An individual genius with some passion
一个天资聪颖的人 凭着一股热情
in the middle of the night coming up
在某个深夜脑子里突然蹦出
with that big transformative idea.
一个伟大而具有革新性的想法
In the fall of 1873, Glidden has a breakthrough.
1873年秋天 格利登有了重大突破
Using a coffee grinder he crudely
他用磨咖啡机大致地
fashions some steel barbs.
拧出了一些钢丝刺
His problem: how to secure them.
现在问题是 如何把它们固定好
Glidden's solution: bind the barbs between two links of wire.
格利登的方法是用铁刺连接两股钢丝
His design cuts the price of fencing by 70%.
他的设计使围篱的费用降低了70%
Within 10 years,
不到10年
Glidden sells enough to go around the world 25 times,
格利登的销售收入足以支付25次环球旅行
carving the Plains into countless ranches and farms
大平原被分隔成不计其数的牧场和耕地
and blocking the cattle trails.
放牧线路也被完全隔断
The open range is closed forever.
没有围篱的开放牧场从此退出历史舞台
This single invention
单凭这样一个发明
made possible the settling of the west
就使西部垦荒的
much sooner and more efficiently
速度和效率大大提高
than it would have occurred otherwise.
比采用其他方式来得更快更好
Teddy blue rides one of the last cattle drives to the railroad.
泰迪·布鲁最后一次赶着牛群来到了铁路
The heyday of the cowboy on the open range
牛仔们在开放大草原上的鼎盛时期
lasts only 20 years.
只持续了不过20年
But settling the Great Plains
大平原拓荒潮
will mark the end of one way of life
虽然标志着一种生活方式的结束
and the birth of another.
但同时也宣告着另一种生活的开始
1876,
1876年
a century of government policies target native Americans.
针对印第安人的政策已经延续了一个世纪
371 treaties
总共371项条约
keep them separate, isolated, remote.
迫使他们分散到边远的隔绝之地
Most of America's 300,000 tribes people
美国30万原住民中的绝大多数
now live on government assigned lands, reservations.
已经生活在了政府指定的区划或保留地里
But resistance is still fierce.
但仍然有强烈的反抗行动
I think probably the darkest spot in our history,
我认为美国历史上最黑暗的一页
for me at least is what happened to native Americans.
就是对原住民的压迫 至少我是这么看的
We came here and confiscated their homeland.
我们来到这片土地并侵占了他们的家园
I think we have a real sense now
我想我们现在对自己在这中间扮演的角色
of what our part was in that,
已经有了比较客观的认识
one that I would love to see redefined and rewritten.
我希望这段历史能被重新定义和重新叙述
Across the Great Plains.
从北到南
The federal government acquires millions of acres
联邦政府获得了大平原数百万英亩
of the Native Americans' traditional hunting ground
印第安人用作传统猎场的土地
to make way for the iron horse.
用来为工业铁骑开辟道路
The Sioux are forced deep into the Black Hills.
苏族被迫转移至黑山深处
As a young boy.
小时候
Black Elk witnesses the coming of the railroad
巴拉克·艾尔克亲眼见证了铁路入侵草原
and the destruction of the buffalo herds.
和白人对野牛群的大肆屠杀
Now aged 12,
现年12岁的他
he's about to be part of the Sioux nation's last triumph.
将会成为苏族最后的凯旋勇士
White men come in like a river.
白人像河水一样涌入
They told us that they wanted only a little land.
他们说只想要一点点土地
But our people knew better.
但族人们都很清楚这只不过是幌子
Gold is discovered in the Black Hills.
黑山里发现了金子
100,000 prospectors rush in to seek their fortune.
10万人的淘金者队伍蜂拥前来寻找宝藏
The federal government wants to clear the area.
联邦政府想扫清这一带的障碍
On a reconnaissance mission with the 7th cavalry,
在率领第七骑兵团的一次侦察途中
Lieutenant Colonel George Custer stumbles
乔治·卡斯特中尉意外地
across the Sioux camp near the Little Bighorn river.
发现了小大角河附近的苏族营地
Custer makes a fateful decision.
卡斯特做了一个致命的决定
with 700 soldiers Custer charges the camp
他率领700名士兵朝着
with 7,000 Native Americans.
有7000名印第安人的营地发起了进攻
Within three hours
不到三个小时
all the men in Custer's regiment are dead.
卡斯特的骑兵团全军覆没
The Sioux win the battle,
苏族打赢了这场战斗
but will lose the war.
但输掉了整个战争
In response, US soldiers force 3,000 Sioux warriors
美国兵报复性地将3000名苏族勇士
on to reservations.
驱赶到了保留地
The rest scatter in small bands.
余下的人分成小拨四散逃走
Over the next 14 years,
在接下来的14年中
the Plains Indians struggle to survive,
大平原上的印第安人为求生做最后的挣扎
until the incident that finally defeats the Great Sioux Nation.
直到伟大的苏族最终被打败
Wounded Knee is a great, great scar
伤膝河是美国大地上的
on the American landscape.
一块巨大伤疤
December 29th, 1890,
1890年12月29日
The Last band of independent Sioux
最后一股被打散的苏族人
surrender beside Wounded Knee Creek.
在伤膝河附近投降
As the cavalry disarms them,
当骑兵团收缴他们枪械时
a gun goes off accidentally.
一支枪走火了
It triggers a massacre.
引发了一场大屠杀浩劫
Within minutes
短短几分钟内
over 200 Sioux warriors, women and children are dead.
逾200苏族壮丁和妇孺丧命
Now 27, Black Elk survived.
27岁的巴拉克·艾尔克浩劫余生
When I look back now,
当我回首往事
I can still see the butchered women and children
遭到屠戮的妇幼尸体依然历历在目
lying heaped and scattered
有的扎成堆 有的孤零零地躺着
as plain as when I saw them when I was still young.
跟我小时候目睹的残酷景象一模一样
And I see that something else died there.
我知道另一样东西也永远葬身在那了
A people's dream died there.
那就是一个民族代代相传的梦想
It was a beautiful dream.
一个美丽的梦想
The railroad has transformed north America.
铁路改变了整个北美的面貌
In just 30 years,
在仅仅30年的时间里
30,000 miles of track cross the continent.
3万英里的铁路线贯穿整个大陆
More than the rest of the world put together.
超过世界其他地方铁路里程的总和
Thousands of new towns spring up around railroad stations.
成千上万新城镇在铁路站点周围拔地而起
One every eight miles.
每隔8英里就有一个
Five rail lines link the East and West Coast.
五条铁路大动脉连接起了东西两岸
The railroad even changes time itself.
铁路还改变了计时方法
Until now,
到现在为止
Americans set their clocks by the sun.
美国人一直根据太阳方位来调拨钟表
8,000 different times along 500 rail lines.
500条铁路沿线有着8000种不同的时间
Scheduling trains becomes impossible.
制定火车运行时刻表是件不可能的事情
On November 18th, 1883,
1883年11月18日
the continental US is reduced to just four time zones.
美国本土被划分为简单的4个时区
Standard time is born.
标准时间从此诞生
The railroad is now the largest employer in America.
铁路系统现在成为了美国最大的雇主
Nearly a million workers.
铁路职工多达近百万人
One is a 23-year-old station agent
其中有一名来自明尼苏达乡村的
from rural Minnesota.
23岁的车站管理员
Richard Sears.
理查德·西尔斯
With the US adjusting to new railroad times,
趁着时下美国正在调整铁路时间
Sears turns entrepreneur,
西尔斯决心开创一番事业
and buys a batch of pocket watches.
他买进了一批怀表
He offers them to other station agents,
向其他车站管理员进行兜售
and waits.
然后静静等待
Bingo.
来了
An order comes through.
一份订单传了过来
Followed by another, and then another.
又有一份 又一份
Within six months, Sears sells all his watches,
六个月不到 西尔斯售完了他进的所有怀表
2500, earning 10 times his railroad salary.
收入2500元 十倍于他的铁路工资
Realizing he can use the railroad for sales and distribution,
意识到他可以用铁路作为分销渠道后
Sears jumps on the opportunity
西尔斯抓住机会
with an idea that will transform the nation:
想到了一个日后改变整个美国的点子
the mail-order catalog.
邮购目录
I think Americans are naturally entrepreneurial.
我觉得美国人天生就有股子创业精神
If you worked hard and if you had good ideas
如果你有好的点子加上勤奋工作
and you were willing to make short term sacrifices,
并且愿意牺牲眼前利益
you could succeed in this country.
你就能在这个国家获得成功
10 Years after selling his first watch,
自卖出第一批怀表已经过了10年
Sears publishes a 700 page catalog.
西尔斯印制的目录已经达到700页
Now based in Chicago,
现在他已将公司总部搬到芝加哥
he processes over 35,000 orders a day,
那里每天处理的订单超过35,000份
delivering refrigerators, pianos,
发货的商品既有冰箱也有钢琴
one year, over 100,000 sewing machines.
每年售出的缝纫机超过10万台
Using the railroad,
借助铁路
Sears can sell virtually anything, anywhere in the country.
西尔斯几乎可向全国任何角落售出任何商品
What really transformed this country
真正改变这个国家的
wasn't just the westward migration
不只是那些西进的移民
and development of cities in the east,
或者是东部城市的发展
but the ability to move products across great distances.
而是商品长途运输的能力
Linking together what it had previously
以往分散的小定居点
been very disparate little settlement
现在连成了一片
that had to be largely self-sufficient.
不再像以前那样主要依靠自给自足
By the end of the 19th Century
到19世纪末
America has 200,000 miles of railroad track,
美国铁路总长达到20万英里
linking the local markets and creating a national economy.
将区域市场连接整合成了全国性的大市场
Over the next 40 years,
接下来的40年里
the amount of freight carried by rail
铁路货运总量
shoots from 55 to nearly 700 million tons.
由5500万吨激增至7亿吨
Resources from the Midwest
中西部的资源
feed the country's growing industries in the East.
源源不断地流向东部迅速增长的工业
The United States overtakes Britain
美国超过了英国
as the largest manufacturer on earth,
成为世界头号制造强国
soon producing 30% of the world's goods.
产量很快占到了世界总量的30%
The railroads laid the basis for
铁路为世界
the creation of the single largest market in world economy.
最大经济体的形成奠定了基础
And this made it possible for the United States
同时铁路也是
to become the global economic power
美国在19世纪末成为
that it did by the end of the 19th century.
一个全球经济强国的主要原因
In 20 years, the U.S. population doubles
美国人口在20年间翻了一番
to 80 million.
达到8000万
The number of cities triples.
城市数量则增至此前的三倍
7 million Americans leave the country
700万美国人离开乡村
for the nation's booming urban centers.
来到这个国家繁荣的中心城市
Where buffalo once roamed,
曾经是野牛狂奔的土地
now rises the modern world.
已经呈现出一片现代文明的图景
