RESOURCES / 英语学习资源
RESOURCES / 英语学习资源
秀丽英语学习软件支持网上下载的各种视频文件，配合srt格式的英文字幕，就可以用于学习。
以下是为方便大家学习，从网上搜集的一些资源，资源添加中。
美国：我们的故事 第七集 Cities/城市
Americans conquer a new frontier - the modern city - with Carnegie's empire of steel as its backbone. Skyscrapers and the Statue of Liberty are symbols of the American Dream for millions of immigrants. 美国人征服一个新的前沿-卡耐基帝国的钢铁为支柱的现代城市。摩天大厦和自由女神像是数百万移民的美国梦的符号。
视频及中英文字幕文件下载地址：
链接：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1i3BrHUP 密码：66vm
如何下载，请看操作说明。
英汉双语对照剧本
A new generation.
新的一代
On a wild new frontier.
开拓一片全新的领域
Rising into the sky.
直上云霄
Leaning towers of steels.
钢筋铁塔
A bold new urban landscape.
全新的城市面貌
And maybe America's greatest invention:
及可能是美国最伟大发明的:
The modern vertical city.
现代立体城市
We are pioneers
我们是前锋
and trailblazers.
也是先驱
We fight for freedom.
我们为自由而战
We transform our dreams into the truth.
我们将梦想付诸现实
Our struggles will become a nation.
我们的奋斗将换来一个国家的新生
America: Land of invention.
美国 创新之地
Hot dogs, jazz, the elevator, skyscrapers.
热狗 爵士乐 电梯 摩天大楼俯拾皆是
This is the story of the greatest innovation of all:
本集讲述的是其中最伟大的创新
the modern vertical city.
现代立体城市
One world-famous icon has come to symbolize it.
有个世界闻名的标志 业已成为它的象征
Amazingly, we very nearly didn't have it.
令人惊讶的是 当初我们差点与它失之交臂
It's 1885 and New York City has a big problem.
1885年 纽约面临一个大问题
A magnificent gift, but with some assembly required.
收到一份豪礼 但需自己组装
Scattered across Bedloe's Island
这礼物散放在纽约港
in New York Harbor in 214 crates.
贝德罗岛的214个板条箱中
They contain the largest statue in the Western world.
箱中装的是西方世界有史以来最大的雕像
It's been donated by the people of France
这是法国人民捐赠给美国的礼物
to celebrate the centenary
以此庆祝美国
of the Declaration of Independence.
独立宣言发表100周年
Built in Paris,
这座雕像建于巴黎
broken down into 350 massive pieces
为了便于运送到美国
for the journey to America.
它被拆成了350个巨大的组件
That's the problem.
这就是问题所在
The cost of reassembling it would be astronomical--
把它重新组装起来将耗资巨大
money New York does not have.
纽约承受不起
At least six other US cities are jockeying to give it a home.
至少有6个其他的美国城市则恨不得把它弄到手
New York City is in danger of losing the Statue of Liberty.
纽约很有可能失去自由女神像
Not if this man can help it.
但这个人不会坐视不管
Joseph Pulitzer, tenacious newspaper magnate,
约瑟夫·普利策 坚韧不拔的报业大亨
immigrant, self-made man.
白手起家的移民
He owns the biggest paper in the US,
他拥有美国最大的报纸
"The New York World."
《纽约世界报》
And he's determined to keep Liberty in New York Harbor.
他下定决心 要把自由女神像留在纽约港
Through his chain of newspapers,
通过他的报业集团
Pulitzer launches the biggest fund-raising campaign
普利策发起了北美有史以来
ever seen in North America.
最大的募捐活动
It would be an irrevocable disgrace
这对纽约市和美国公众都将是
to New York City and the American republic
难以磨灭的耻辱
to have France send us this splendid gift
法国送给我们这样一份豪礼
without our having provided even
而我们却连区区容身之所
so much as a landing place for it.
都没法为它提供
We must raise the money!
我们必须筹钱
More than a million people read
每天有一百多万人
Pulitzer's papers every day.
阅读普利策的报纸
"Enclosed, please find 25 cents, is my contribution to..."
里面的25分钱是我给雕像的捐款
"It contains my little savings..."
这些是我微薄的积蓄
"... I resolved to send you the contents of the first jackpot.
我决定把我首次中彩的彩票钱捐出来
You will find enclosed $4."
里面是4美元
"The money we saved to go to the circus with."
这钱本来是我们存起来看马戏用的
Donations flood in from all across the country,
捐款从全国各地源源不断地涌来
rich and poor, East and West.
捐款者不论贫富 不分地域
Pennies and nickels,
捐款少则一美分 五美分
fives and tens,even thousands of dollars.
多则五美元 十美元 甚至几千美元
In all, a staggering 121,000 donations...
汇成了一个惊人的数字 十二万一千美元
more than enough to keep this iconic statue in New York.
把这座雕像留在纽约绰绰有余
I think a statue is not just a statue.
我认为 雕像不仅仅是雕像
I think symbols really matter.
其象征意义才是最重要的
I think they signify, in a big way.
其意义非常深远
In fact, maybe they do more than
事实上 其影响可能要超过
reams and reams and reams of legislation and paper and print.
成堆成堆的法律条文 报纸和出版物
Now the real work begins.
现在 真正的工作开始了
To hold a statue 150 feet high,
要支撑一座高达150英尺的雕像
the pedestal will be the
其基座势必要做成
biggest concrete structure in the world.
世上最大的混凝土结构
Over 200 men work through a grueling winter
200多人奋战了一个冬天
to complete it.
才建成这个基座
As the last of the cement dries,
在最后一块水泥干透之前
workers toss in their own silver dollars for good luck.
工人们把银币丢进去祈福
Next, Liberty's enormous iron skeleton.
下一步 搭起女神像巨大的铁架
It's designed by Gustave Eiffel,
由古斯塔夫·埃菲尔设计
who will build the famous Eiffel Tower in Paris.
他后来还设计建造了著名的巴黎埃菲尔铁塔
The skeleton is 151 feet tall and with the pedestal,
这个铁架有151英尺高 加上基座
it's the height of a 30-story office block.
高度不亚于一座30层高的办公大楼
Now for the outer layer.
然后是女神像的外层
Wrapping around the skeleton
环绕着铁架
are 60,000 pounds of hand-sculpted copper.
需组装起6万磅手工雕凿的铜片
This sandal is 32 times bigger than a human foot,
她脚上的鞋子大小是人脚的32倍
equivalent of the size of 879 shoes.
相当于879码的鞋
It's on the job trailing, often
通常需要把铜片吊上去
and 300 feet in erect.
高度有300英尺
It's as difficult as it is dangerous.
这项任务困难重重 危险万分
They need to fix 300 pieces of copper shell
他们得把300块铜片
to the framework.
安装到铁架上
with more than 300,000 rivets.
足足用了30多万个铆钉
Her robes have over 4000 square yards to cover her.
女神像的外袍有4000平方码之大
Her outstretched arm is 42 feet long.
她伸展出去的手臂长42英尺
A finger nail weighes 3 and a half pounds.
一个指甲就有3磅半重
The scale of Liberty is unimaginable.
自由女神像的规模之大 超乎想象
After six months of hazardous construction,
经过长达6个月充满危险的工作
there's no fatalities,
总算有惊无险
the Liberty's 17-foot face
女神像长达17英尺的脸
is finally winched to position
终于通过绞盘安装到位
It's bigger than Lincoln's on Mount Rushmore
比拉什莫尔山上林肯雕像的脸还大
It's said the sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi
据说雕刻者弗雷德里克·奥古斯特·巴托尔迪
modeled the face on his own mother.
是按照他自己母亲的样子来雕刻的
It takes 25 years
经过了25年的风吹雨打
for Liberty to acidize and turn green.
自由女神像酸化并变成了绿色
A functioning lighthouse until 1902.
1902年之前 它被用作灯塔
The statue's official name is: Liberty Enlightening the World.
这座雕像的正式名字是 自由照耀世界
At first, the symbol of the alliance and friendships between
首先 它象征了独立战争期间
France and the 13 colonies in the American Revolution.
法国和美国13个殖民地之间的盟约和友谊
It will come to represent much more.
它的象征意义渐渐不止于此
At the entries to New York Harbor,
矗立在纽约港的入口处
the Statue of Liberty becomes a beacon to the world,
自由女神像俨然成了全世界的灯塔
and a welcome to millions.
迎接了几百万人的到来
Later, a poem by Emma Lazarus in her base,
后来 她的基座上刻了一首爱玛·拉扎露丝的诗
celebrates America as a land of refugees:
庆祝美国成为了逃难者的乐土
"Give me your tired, your poor,
欢迎你 那些疲乏的和贫困的
your huddled masses, yearning to breath free,
聚在一起 渴望自由呼吸的大众
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
那熙熙攘攘的 被遗弃了的可怜的人们
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,
把这些无家可归的 饱受颠沛的人们一起交给我
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
我在金门旁高擎自由的灯火
Over the next two decades,
此后的20年间
more than 12 million immigrants pass the Statue of Liberty
超过1200万移民经过自由女神像
on their way to Ellis Island,
前往埃利斯岛
the first stop for most new Americans.
那里是大多数新美国人的第一站
Imagine what it took for someone
想象一下 这需要多大的勇气
to leave Eastern Poland or Lithuania
离开波兰东部或者立陶宛
or some village in the mountains of Northern Italy
或是意大利北部的小村庄
and come all the way to this strange place with nothing.
背井离乡 身无一物 来到这片陌生的土地
Today, more than 100 million Americans
今天 超过1亿的美国人
can trace their roots back
他们的祖先都是
to ancestors who came through Ellis Island.
从埃利斯岛来到美国的
If you go back
回顾一下
only 150 years in our 200-and-almost-50-year history,
在我们将近250年的历史中 有150年
95% of the people... were not here.
95%的人 还没来到这里
There are no roots.
没有祖籍可循
They all came from someplace else.
他们都来自异国他乡
So, to me, America represents...
所以 对我来说 美国代表了
the best of the human spirit.
人类精神的最高体现
A guidebook prepares arrivals for a new life in a new world.
一本指南书这样教初来者迎接新世界的新生活
Forget your customs and ideals.
忘掉成规 抛弃幻想
Select a goal and pursue it with all your might.
选定目标 全力以赴
You will experience a bad time,
也许过程曲折
but sooner or later, you will achieve your goal.
但你终有一日能如愿以偿
Don't take a moment's rest.
坚持不懈
Run.
勇往直前
And from Ellis Island, they spread out across the continent.
从埃利斯岛开始 他们向整个大陆扩散
For the most part,
就绝大部分而言
Irish, Russians and Italians to big cities,
爱尔兰人 俄国人 意大利人去往大城市
Germans to the Midwest, Scandinavians to farmland.
德国人奔向中西部 斯堪的纳维亚人则来到农场
At the dawn of the 20th century, eventually,
最后 到了20世纪初
there will be more Italians in New York than in Rome.
纽约的意大利人比罗马还多
From 1880 to 1930,
从1880到1930年
nearly 24 million new immigrants arrive in the US.
共有约2400万新移民来到美国
A new era in US history is about to begin.
美国历史的新纪元即将展开
By the early 20th century,
20世纪初
new urban megacities around America
美国的各大新城市
are bursting to the seams
已经拥挤不堪
and look to expand in a new direction
城市寄望于向新的方向发展
... up.
向上
But building these great towers
但修建这些巨大的高楼
demands a critical ingredient that's much too expensive.
离不开一种非常昂贵的关键原料
Steel.
钢
One man will change all that,
有个人将改变这一切
and with it, the face of America.
从而改变美国的面貌
He'll risk everything, and almost lose it all.
他孤注一掷 差点全盘皆输
It's 1872 and Andrew Carnegie,
1872年 安德鲁·卡内基
a 5-foot-3 Scottish immigrant iron millionaire,
5英尺3英寸高[1.6米]的苏格兰移民 钢铁大王
is in Sheffield, England.
正在英国谢菲尔德
He's looking at the future.
他看到了未来
A revolutionary way to make steel.
一种革命性的炼钢方式
Steel has been around for thousands of years,
钢已有几千年的历史
but so expensive to produce,
但制造成本高昂
it's always been a luxury item.
所以钢通常是一种奢侈品
2,000 years ago it's used in Oriental swords.
2000年前 东方用钢来铸剑
It is even used in designer jewelry.
甚至用于珠宝设计
But America stands at the brink of a new age.
但是美国人正处于新时代的开端
To build it, they need steel-- and lots of it.
为了大兴土木 他们需要大量的钢
It's the only material strong enough
钢是唯一一种够坚固
for the towers that will touch the sky.
足以支撑起摩天大楼的材料
An English bullet maker is showing
一家英国的子弹制造厂向卡内基
Carnegie a new but simple method of producing steel.
展示了一种新颖而简单的炼钢方式
He's stunned.
他大为震惊
Blast hot air through molten iron.
用热空气猛吹融化了的铁
Carbon impurities burn off.
使碳之类的杂质烧尽
You get the wonder material.
便可得到这一非凡之物
Steel.
钢
For the first time,
有史以来第一次
it can be produced quickly and inexpensively.
使得快速和低成本炼钢成为现实
If Carnegie can use this Bessemer process
如果卡内基能够把贝塞麦炼钢法
to mass-produce it...he'll own the future.
用于大规模生产 他将掌握未来
Carnegie returns to the States, to Pittsburgh,
卡内基回到美国匹兹堡
to start building the biggest steel plant in the world.
着手筹建世界上最大的炼钢厂
It'll be larger than 80 football fields.
比80个足球场还要大
It's a massive gamble.
这是一场豪赌
Carneg risks everything he's got on the new plant.
卡内基把全副身家都押在这个新炼钢厂上
But only months into construction...
但才建了几个月
disaster.
灾难降临
A catastrophic stock-market collapse.
股市全面崩溃
The economy is in free fall.
经济大幅衰退
He has to borrow even more money
他不得不借更多的钱
and barely scrapes through.
勉强度过难关
August 1875.
1875年8月
Against all odds,
历经千辛万苦
Carnegie's giant furnaces are ready to test.
卡内基的巨型炼钢熔炉准备进行测试
Steel production is phenomenally dangerous.
炼钢的危险性极高
Inside, 5 tons of molten metal.
熔炉里 是5吨融化的金属
3,000 degrees.
温度高达3000华氏度[约1649摄氏度]
Hot enough to vaporize a man in seconds.
足以把一个人在数秒内化为蒸汽
If it works,
如果能成功炼钢
it will make Carnegie one of the richest men in the world.
卡内基将成为世界首富
But there's a lot more at stake.
但此事意义重大 远不止于此
Skyscrapers, cars, washing machines,
摩天大楼 汽车 洗衣机
airplanes, even space travel.
飞机 甚至太空旅行
None of it can happen if steel can't be mass-produced.
如果不能实现钢的大规模生产 这一切都无从谈起
It's a success.
成功了
Carnegie is the first ever to mass-produce steel.
卡内基成为大规模生产钢的第一人
Prices plummet by over 80%.
钢价大幅下降 降幅超过80%
Output rockets from a few thousand tons in 1860
钢产量直线上升 从1860年的年产几千吨
to 11 million by 1900.
到1990年的年产1100万吨
So many American stories of success,
在这么多美国成功故事中
are diligence, are perseverance,
成功源于勤奋 坚持
but there's an awful lot of luck involved, too.
但其实 还有很大的运气成分
His timing couldn't have been better.
他真是恰逢其时
It was steel that built American cities,
钢造就了美国的城市
it was steel that built American railroads,
修起了美国的铁路
it was steel that built American shipping.
成就了美国的船运
By the beginning of the 20th century,
到20世纪初
he was one of the wealthiest men in America.
卡内基成为美国最富的人之一
Pittsburgh transforms from a sleepy town
匹兹堡从一个无名小镇
to the industrial heart of the nation.
一跃成为美国的工业重地
Its population triples.
人口增至之前的三倍
Driven by a new steel railroad,
经由新建成的一条铁路
millions of tons of steel are transported across America,
上百万吨钢铁运往美国各地
the raw material to build the modern city.
用作建造现代化城市的原料
And the grandest of all is New York.
其中规模最宏大的非纽约莫属
It's an era of obscene opulence.
这一时期 资本积累十分迅速
New York is a playground for super-rich industrialists and financiers.
纽约成了工业巨子和金融家的乐园
Wildly extravagant, they smoke cigars rolled in $100 bills,
他们生活极度奢华 以百元大钞卷烟
their wives' hats--studded with diamonds.
用钻石装点夫人的帽子
This is the Gilded Age.
这就是镀金时代
Land values are the highest in the world.
纽约地价位居世界之首
There's only one place to go... up.
规划城市只剩下一个选择 向上发展
By 1902,
1902年
65 skyscrapers are being constructed in Manhattan.
曼哈顿就有65座摩天大楼竣工
This is one of them.
这就是其中之一
It's called "Walking the steel".
人们把这叫做走钢筋
This man is 30 stories above the street,
这名工人所站之处有30层楼高
his first time at this height.
这是他从来不曾经历过的高度
No harness or safety rope.
没有绑系任何防护带和安全绳
One slip...,
稍有不慎
and he's dead.
则必死无疑
Veterans are called "Fixers". The novices are "Snakes",
资格老的称为吸铁石 新手则称为毒蛇
because working with them can be deadly.
这是因为和新手共事可能会有生命危险
The old hands know just how dangerous it can be.
内行的人都知道那有多危险
The thing I hate worse than poison
我最怕的就是
is to take on a new man when we're near the top.
在高处工作时启用新手
They all get used to it or get killed.
他们要么适应 要么丧命
No hard hats.
他们没有安全帽
Just a 280-foot drop.
距离地面足有280英尺[约85米]
A sudden gust of wind and it's all over.
哪怕突然刮阵强风 就能一命呜呼
They're up here eight hours a day,
他们每天连续高空作业8小时
meals when they can.
没有固定的午饭时间
No bath room breaks.
也不能去方便
They're called roughnecks,
人们叫他们钻工
European immigrants and Mohawk Indians.
欧洲移民或是印第安人
Many were sailors and bridge workers,
他们许多曾做过水手和建桥工人
so they're used to heights.
习惯于在高处工作
The guys balancing on the beams.
这些人能够在横梁上保持平衡
I think it took a lot of bravery,
需要莫大的勇气
I think it took a lot of skill,
需要掌握大量技巧
a lot of physically--physically challenging.
也面临很多身体上的挑战
But I also think it-- you had to be a little crazy.
不过我还认为 狂热的心态必不可少
The stakes couldn't be higher.
这项工作是如此危险
It's a risk they are willing to take.
而他们甘愿冒险
The pay is $4 a day,
每天的报酬是4美元
twice the going rate for manual labor.
是时下普通体力活的两倍
Foreman William Starrett sums up his dangerous job.
工头威廉·施泰力是这样总结他的工作的
Building skyscrapers is the nearest peacetime equivalent of war.
建造摩天大楼是和平时代没有硝烟的战争
Even to the occasional grim reality
时不时要面对残酷的现实
of an accident or a maimed body, even death,
事故 伤残 甚至死亡
remind us
时时提醒我们
that we are fighting a war of construction
我们正在进行着一场
against the forces of nature.
对抗自然的建筑之战
He makes it.
他成功了
Many aren't so lucky.
而许多人并没有他那么幸运
Two roughnecks out of five die or are disabled on the job.
五分之二的钻工因工死亡或伤残
Whether it's a builder or an architect,
不管是建筑工人还是建筑师
or... whatever, whoever had the imagination to design
或者是那些发挥奇思妙想设计
and build some of the great structures of New York,
并建造纽约那些杰出建筑的人
I'm inspired by.
都让我倍受鼓舞
In 1902
1902年
in New York, this is what the future looks like.
纽约人对城市的设想就是这番模样
The Flatiron Building, its triangular footprint
熨斗大厦地基为三角形
determined by the intersection of three streets, not two.
这是由于该建筑位于三条大街的交汇处
The steel frame means
该建筑采用钢筋建造
the outside can be hung in sections like a suit of clothes.
外层可如衣服一样挂在各自的位置
Now the walls don't take the weight, the steel does.
承担建筑重量的不再是墙壁 而是钢筋
It's so radical,
这栋大厦设计如此新潮
when people first see it,
人们初次见到时
they think it will blow over and kill them.
总觉得大厦会倒下来砸死自己
A lawsuit is filed claiming
这栋大厦还引发了一场官司
winds focused by the Flatiron's extreme shape
附近一家店铺声称因大厦形状特别
damage a nearby shop.
导致风力过于集中 使该店铺受损
Today it's one of our best-loved buildings.
如今这成了备受人们喜爱的建筑之一
Inside, the other breakthrough
而建筑物内部也有了突破
that lets towers rise into the clouds.
这项突破让建筑物能够高耸入云
The elevator.
就是电梯
Before it, the tallest buildings stop mostly at five floors.
在此之前 最高的建筑一般不过五层
No more walking up stairs now,
而如今人们不用步行爬楼了
so the sky's the limit.
大楼可以以天封顶
For the first time, the higher the floor,
史无前例的是 此时楼层越高
the higher the rent.
房租越高
You think it's a fairly humble invention,
你可能认为这是非常简易的一个发明
but when Otis invented the first really safe elevator,
但是直到奥的斯发明真正安全可用的电梯后
it enabled the growth of the modern city,
现代城市才得以发展起来
where people could come in,
大量人口涌入城市
build much taller buildings,
建造更多摩天大楼
get a much higher density of people.
人口密度也大幅提升
And sure enough, by the end of the 19th century,
毫无悬念 到了19世纪末
the urban population has increased 87 times over.
城市人口增长了87倍
In Chicago alone, in just ten years,
光是芝加哥 仅十年间
they build 50 steel-frame buildings,
就建造了50座钢筋建筑
and in 20 years,
20年时间
its population more than doubles to almost 1.7 million.
人口增长了一倍多 达到近170万
American cities are exploding.
美国城市爆炸式增长
But for many,
而对许多人来说
living in the shadow of these new towers
生活在这些建筑的阴影之下
will prove even harder than building them.
要比建造这些建筑更加艰难
In America in 1890,
1890年的美国
crime and poverty are rife on the streets.
贫困肆虐 罪犯横行
But these mavericks are about to make a difference.
但这些与众不同的人将改变这一切
Gangsters, murderers, thieves
歹徒 杀人犯和扒手遍布大街小巷
and fear are on the streets.
人们陷入一片恐慌
New tabloid newspapers splash crime all over the front pages.
大报小报头版充斥着对各种犯罪的报道
In Chicago, you can rent a gun by the hour.
在芝加哥 手枪按小时出租
In the Sears catalog,
在西尔斯百货的目录上
you can buy one for $12.
一支手枪标价12美元
In New York, a policeman finds a list on a murdered gangster--
纽约一名警察在一名被杀的帮派成员身上
his rate card.
搜到了一张价目表
Punches: $2.
揍一顿 2美元
Nose and jaw broke: $10.
打伤鼻子和下巴 10美元
Ear chewed off: $15.
咬掉耳朵 15美元
The big job: 100 bucks and up.
干掉 100美元起
Detective Bureau Chief Thomas Byrnes--,
刑侦局长托马斯·伯恩斯
a man who follows his own set of rules.
有着自己的一套规则
He's shrewd.
他头脑精明
And he's very tough.
手段强硬
Among his methods is
他的一系列手段中
a technique his detectives, call "The third degree."
有一种被手下称为"三级法"
First degree: Persuasion.
一级 循循善诱
Second degree: Intimidation.
二级 威逼恐吓
Third degree: Pain.
三级 严刑逼供
In four years,
仅四年时间
Byrnes claims he's arrested 3,300 criminals.
伯恩斯称逮捕了3300名罪犯
He solved the biggest heist of the 19th century...
还破获了19世纪最大的一起抢劫案件
nearly a $3 million Manhattan bank robbery.
一起涉案金额为300万美元的曼哈顿银行抢劫案
Reporters call him the greatest crime buster
记者称他为纽约警局有史以来
in the history of the New York City police force.
最伟大的罪案终结者
His very manner.
他特有的气质
The size of him.
魁梧的身材
His menacing shoulders and arms.
令人丧胆的体格
The bark of his voice...
极具威慑力的声音
Pickpockets! Forgers!
扒手 造假犯
Whoever cracked the safe...
撬保险箱的
Unscrupulous rogues.
不择手段的流氓
Crooks are now afraid of their shadows.
那些骗子们已是惊弓之鸟
They lead double lives.
他们过着双重生活
But tracking down criminals isn't easy.
而追踪罪犯并没那么简单
There's no official ID,
当时没有身份证体系
no birth certificates or driver's licenses.
没有出生证明也没有驾驶证
If a criminal is known in one town,
如果一个罪犯在某个城镇暴露了行迹
he just moves to the next.
只要转移到其他地方就可以继续逍遥法外
Criminals are anonymous.
罪犯的身份无法辨别
Byrnes is tackling this problem head-on
伯恩斯迎难而上解决了这个问题
and bringing police work into a new age.
使得刑侦工作步入了一个新纪元
This is his rogues gallery,
这是他的案犯照片栏
mug shots of 7,000 known lawbreakers.
这里有7000个臭名昭著的嫌疑犯的照片
Using photography to identify criminals
借助拍摄照片来识别犯人
will change detective work forever.
彻底改变了刑侦工作的方式
Annie Reilly.
安妮·欧莱礼
alias Middle Annie, deceitful servant.
又名中部安妮 假扮女仆身份行骗
The mug shots are distributed to
他们把这些照片送往
police departments around the country.
全国各地警署
But these are more than just pictures.
但绝不仅仅只是照相这么简单
Byrnes is also building psychological profiles of criminals.
伯恩斯还创建犯人的心理档案
Rufus Minor.
鲁弗斯·迈纳
He comes from a very good family.
家世背景良好
It's a pity he's a thief.
可惜做了贼
This is the first tempt to create a national crime register.
这开创了建立国家犯罪记录档案的先河
A city as diverse as ours,
如纽约这般兼容并蓄的城市
is going to have a significant crime problem
犯罪率必然很高
that you've gotta be on top of.
必须把这一问题解决好
Even today,
直到今天
mug shots still catch criminals.
为罪犯拍摄照片的做法依然行之有效
12 million are taken every year nation wide.
全国每年要拍摄1200万名罪犯的照片
That's more than the entire population of Ohio.
人数已经超过了俄亥俄州总人口
And it all began with the rogues gallery
而这一切的源头 案犯照片栏
over 120 years ago.
早在120多年前就开始了
Any questions?
有问题吗
But crime isn't the only problem plaguing urban streets.
但困扰城市居民的不仅是居高不下的犯罪率
In many cities, slums are reaching epidemic proportions.
许多城市中 贫民窟数量迅速增加
Multiple families crammed into one small room.
多个家庭挤在一个小房间里
Human waste pours into the streets, alleys and open courtyards.
大街小巷露天庭院 遍地都是粪便
People were crowded in, there were windowless tenements.
人们挤在连窗户都没有的屋子里生活
sometimes you had no internal plumbing,
有的房子连下水道也没有
just privies in the basement, in the backyard,
只能使用地下室或后院的厕所
and the Lower East Side during these years,
这几年中 纽约的下东区
was the single most crowded place in the entire world.
是当时世界上最为拥挤的地区
Jacob Riis, Danish immigrant,
雅各布·里斯 来自丹麦的移民
crime reporter, photographer.
罪案报道记者 摄影家
He gets leads for stories from Chief Inspector Byrnes.
从刑侦局长伯恩斯处获得头条消息
Now he's about to expose the hell of tenements.
此刻他要报道贫民窟恶劣的居住环境
Jacob Riis knows what it's like to be poor.
雅各布·里斯深知贫穷的滋味
15 years ago, he lost his job in a stock-market crash.
15年前 他曾在一场股市风暴中失业
It's midnight,
此时正是午夜
but Riis has a new technology
不过里斯掌握了一项新技术
that will change the public perception of poverty forever.
足以彻底改变公众对于贫穷的态度
An explosive powder that produces enough light
引爆少量火药来产生强光
to photograph in the dark.
以进行夜间拍摄
This is one of the first-ever photographs of slum life.
这是贫民窟最早的照片之一
Go.
好了
It shocks millions.
这掀起了轩然大波
Ladies and gentlemen, my name is Jacob A.Riis
各位好 我是雅各布·A·里斯
and this is how the other half live and die in New York City.
这里展示的是 纽约的另一类人生老病死的画面
Magazines refuse to print his work,
杂志社不肯刊登他的作品
so Riis puts on his own"Magic lantern" Shows.
里斯不得不为人们展示幻灯片
His mission: to show the nation's wealthy
他的目的就是向富人们展示
something they've never seen before,
他们闻所未闻
filth and desperation on their doorstep.
但却发生在他们身边的悲惨故事
In this block,
在这一街区
nine dead were carried out this year alone.
仅今年一年就有9人死亡
Five in baby coffins.
其中5名尚在襁褓之中
What he demonstrated was that there is another reality,
他所展示的是现实的另一面
that all that prosperity
社会一片繁荣
didn't trickle down all the way to the bottom,
但这种繁荣并没有惠及社会底层民众
and there was some deplorable living conditions
有些人生活环境十分恶劣
and this country
我们国家
was not just forced to confront those conditions
不仅得面临这些问题
but then was moved to begin to deal with them.
而且不得不着手解决这些问题
Riis publishes his pictures in a book called
里斯将他的照片发表于
"How the Other Half Lives."
他的著作《另类生存》
It will sell more than 28 million copies.
这本书销量超过2800万册
Within two decades,
20年内
the worst of New York's slums are torn down.
纽约条件最恶劣的贫民窟被拆除
Tenements sell at auction for as a little as a dollar.
贫民窟住房在拍卖会上成交价仅为一美元
Riis'campaigning
里斯一系列活动
forces all New York schools to build playgrounds
迫使纽约所有学校建造操场
and landlords to install toilets inside apartments, not outside.
迫使房东改在房屋内部建造厕所
It is the first step in tackling the slums.
这是解决贫民窟问题的第一步
But as cities keep on growing,
可随着城市持续发展
an even bigger challenge remains.
人们面临着一个更为严重的问题
In New York alone,
仅纽约一市
nearly 40,000 die in one year from diseases.
每年近四万人死于某些疾病
Because of this--, filth.
疾病的源头 垃圾
But one clean crusader is about to change everything.
而一位清洁革命的斗士即将改变这一切
1895, our major cities are drowning in filth.
1895年 各大中城市一片脏乱
120,000 horses dump half a million pounds of manure
每天 12万匹马把50万磅粪便
into the New York streets every day.
排泄在纽约街头
Wagons are blocked by 3-foot-high piles,
马车难以行进 因为前方堆着三英尺高的
of human and animal waste.
人畜排泄物
Into this world steps a man on a white horse,
这里迎来了一个骑着白马的人
Colonel George Waring.
他就是乔治·华林上校
Civil War veteran,
内战老兵
legendary sewer engineer,
大名鼎鼎的下水道工程师
"Apostle of Cleanliness."
被誉为"清洁使者"
He's the head of New York's Sanitation Department.
他是纽约卫生部的负责人
The city stinks with the emanations
整座城市散发着
of putrefying organic matter.
有机物腐烂的味道
Black rottenness is seen and smelled on every hand.
每个人的手上都沾染着腐烂的黑色物质
The crowded streets are a veritable hell.
拥挤的街道成了真正的地狱
Waring recruits an army of 2,000 sanitation workers in white uniforms.
华林招募了一支2000人的白衣清洁工大军
Some dismiss him as a crank.
有人认为他小题大做
They call his men "White ducks."
甚至称这些人为"白鸭子"
But Waring means business.
华林却把这当成头等大事
Tons of garbage, normally dumped into the river, is recycled.
他对以前成吨倾倒入河的垃圾进行回收
Ash becomes land fill on Rikers Island.
将焚烧后的灰渣填埋在赖克斯岛
Organic waste boiled into oil and grease.
把有机垃圾通过蒸煮转化成油脂
Waring is America's first eco-warrior.
华林是美国首位环保战士
His men clean 433 miles of street.
工人们清理了433英里长的街道
Death rates decline, water quality improves.
死亡率下降 城市水质也得到改善
Waring saves the lives of thousands.
华林拯救了数千人的生命
The measures spread across America.
美国各地纷纷效仿他的做法
Just 16 years after Colonel Waring,
在华林上校的开创之举仅仅16年后
half of all cities have waste collection.
全美一半的城市实行了垃圾回收制度
And it is not just waste.
不仅如此
By 1907,
到1907年
every large city in the nation has sewers.
美国所有大城市建立起了城市下水道系统
By 1909,
到1909年
there are 42,040 miles of sewers in America.
美国城市下水道总长度达42040英里
The battle against filth, crime and poverty has begun.
一场对抗污秽 犯罪和贫穷的战争已经打响
But one of the city's greatest innovations
不过 一项城市发展过程中伟大的发明
is still in its infancy.
此刻仍在萌芽之中
One man will change the urban landscape forever.
有一个人的发明将彻底改变城市的面貌
Menlo Park, New Jersey, 1879.
新泽西州 门洛帕克 1879年
Thomas Edison:
托马斯·爱迪生
inventor, entrepreneur, showman.
发明家 企业家 电影制片人
He was taken out of school as a boy,
小时候曾被学校勒令退学的他
but that won't stop him from becoming synonymous
却在日后将爱迪生这个名字
with inventions that define the modern era.
与众多改变世界的现代发明紧紧联系起来
He pushes his team hard, 24/7,
他的研发实验室是世界上最早的实验室之一
in one of the world's first R&D labs.
他要求实验团队夜以继日地连续工作
It will generate more than 1,000 patents.
这里将会诞生超过1000件专利发明
America still lights the night
当时美国人在夜晚来临后只能使用
in the dangerous flick candles, gas and kerosene.
蜡烛 汽油和煤油等不安全的照明灯具
Edison thinks he has a better idea,
爱迪生认为他的新设计能改变这种局面
if he can get a filament to burn slowly in a vacuum.
他的构想是使灯丝在真空中缓慢燃烧
The electric light bulb.
这就是后来的白炽灯泡
Platinum.
铂金可行吗
Edison locks himself in his lab,
爱迪生把自己反锁在实验室中
doesn't sleep for days.
连续几天不曾合眼
The stakes are high.
这是场豪赌
His backers have sunk $130,000 into his research,
投资者给他的研究投入了13万美元
millions in today's money.
相当于今天数百万美元
He claimed to have gone through 6,000 materials
他宣称 光在植物中
from the plant world alone
就试验了6000多种材料
in his search for the perfect filament.
就为了寻找理想的灯丝
Turn on the lamp, Jack.
杰克 开灯试下
Spruce.
云杉
Beard.
胡须
Fish line.
钓鱼线
Thread.
线头
Teak.
柚木
Boxwood.
黄杨木
Celluloid, parchment.
赛璐珞 羊皮纸
Then something extraordinary happens.
接着 一件奇妙的事情发生了
Cardboard.
厚纸板
A piece of carbonized cardboard burns for 300 hours.
一片烧成炭的纸板可以燃烧300小时
It's going to change the way people live forever.
这项发明将彻底改变人们的生活
What Edison does
爱迪生所做的
is nothing less than to banish the darkness.
不啻于永远驱逐了黑暗
Now think of the meaning of that.
想想这意味着什么
Think of what that means to daily life.
这对我们日常生活意味着什么
New Year's Eve 1879.
1879年 元旦前夜
Edison shows off his new invention.
爱迪生向人们展示他的新发明
Thousands of people flock to his lab
成千上万的人竞相来到他的实验室
to see the future take shape.
想亲眼目睹未来生活的模样
The Pennsylvania Railroad arranges special trains
宾夕法尼亚铁路当局适时安排了专列
to accommodate the crowds.
以满足参观者的需求
When Thomas Edison invented that light bulb,
托马斯·爱迪生发明了灯泡
that electric light bulb,
白炽电灯炮
what a-- how magical that must have been.
那是一种多么壮观的景象啊
You know, to sit there and just all of a sudden,
人们突然发现
without a match, without kerosene or gas
不用点火柴 也不用煤油或汽油了
and just flip a switch and...
只要打开一个开关 就会...
light.
出现灯光
In just two years,
短短两年时间
Edison builds more than 5,000 power plants,
爱迪生就建造了5000座发电厂
generating electricity for cities like
电力源源不断地输送到
New York, Boston, Chicago, Detroit,
纽约 波士顿 芝加哥 底特律
St. Louis and New Orleans.
圣路易斯和新奥尔良等城市
Over the next five years,
接下来的5年间
he builds over 127,000 more.
又建了十二万七千多座发电厂
By 1902,
到1902年
18 million light bulbs are in use.
全美使用中的白炽灯泡达到1800万只
The impact is massive.
这一变革影响深远
Sports, entertainment, factories, stores
体育场 娱乐场所 工厂和商店
all can now operate at night.
全都能在晚上照常运营
And as electricity comes to the cities,
随着输送至城市的电能的增加
more and more people arrive with it.
越来越多的人随之涌入城市
By 1900,
到1900年
nearly 4 million women are working in US cities.
美国城市有将近400万女性劳动者
In just 40 years,
在短短40年时间里
that figure has more than quadrupled.
这个数字增加到比之前4倍还多
Urban factories are pounding out
城市工厂生产的消费产品
75% of all consumer products in the US.
占到整个美国市场的75%
Places like this,
这是一间典型的工厂
modern steel-frame buildings
现代化的钢结构建筑
equipped with all the latest technology,
配备最新科技成果
Otis electric elevators,
奥的斯电梯
Bell telephones, Singer sewing machines.
贝尔电话 胜家缝纫机
But packing so many people into tall buildings
不过 这么多人挤在这些高楼里
is a disaster waiting to happen.
发生事故几乎是必然的
The United States is hurtling into the modern age.
美国正在飞速进入现代化
Symbolized by megacities rising up
从东到西拔地而起的现代大都市
all across the continent.
是这个时期最显眼的标志
By 1909,
截至1909年
Americans are spending nearly
美国人每年在成衣上的开支
23 billion dollars a year on ready-made clothes.
达到230亿美元
This factory is producing 12,000 garments a week.
这间服装厂每周生产一万两千件成衣
Known as shirtwaists,
均为女式衬衫
they're the latest fashion for the working woman.
在当时参加工作的女性中十分流行
New York City, March 25, 1911.
1911年3月25日 纽约市
4:45 p.m.
下午4时45分
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, 8th Floor.
三角女式衬衫厂 8楼
260 girls work here--
260名女工在此工作
most of them teenagers.
大多数是十几岁的女孩
Someone-- we don't know who--
不知道是谁
tosses a match or maybe a cigarette into the scrap bin.
往废布桶里不知道是扔了根火柴还是香烟
Eva Harris, a seamstress, smells burning.
制衣女工伊娃·哈里斯闻到了焦味
There's a fire, Mr. Bernstein.
有东西烧着了 伯恩斯坦先生
Production manager Samuel Bernstein
生产经理塞缪尔·伯恩斯坦
grabs one of the three fire pails...
一把抓来全部三只消防桶中的一只
but the fire is already spreading.
但火势已蔓延开来
There's a mad dash for the exit, but it is too narrow.
人们拼命地奔向出口 但它太狭窄了
Only one at a time can pass through.
一次只能允许一个人通过
It's been designed that way
它被有意设计成此
so their bags can be checked for stolen fabric.
以便检查女工的包里是否藏有偷来的布料
There's a fire hose...
厂房里有根消防水管
but it's not working.
但无法使用
There's no water!
里面没水
The only way to warn the floors above
现在能通知楼上的唯一办法
is through the switchboard two floors up,
就是呼叫两层楼以上
on the tenth floor.
位于10楼的电话总台
Hello, switchboard?
喂 是总台吗
Tenth floor.
这里是10楼
Fire, there's a fire.
火 着火了
Put me through to the ninth floor!
帮我接9楼
She drops the phone and runs to get help.
她扔下电话 跑出去求救
The message never reaches the ninth floor.
9楼的人一直没有收到火灾警报
Samuel Bernstein races up the main stairs
塞缪尔·伯恩斯坦匆忙沿主楼梯往楼上跑
to help the 160 workers trapped there.
一心想解救被围困的160名工人
But blocking the front door,
但一只装着机油的桶
there's a barrel of motor oil.
抵住了前门
On the ninth floor,
在9楼
flames are already shooting
火舌已经透过
through the walls and windows.
墙和窗向里喷射
The girls on nine rush to the fire escape,
9楼女工争相跑向防火通道
but it's locked.
但门已上锁
Only two escape routes are left on the ninth floor:
现在9楼只剩下两条逃生通道
the elevator and the metal fire escape.
电梯和金属防火梯
Kate Weiner makes it to the elevator door,
凯特·韦纳好不容易挤到了电梯门边
but she's lost her sister.
她的妹妹却不见了
Everyone was knocking and crying
所有人都在敲打闸门
for the elevator to come up.
呼喊着要电梯上来
Suddenly the elevator came and the girls rushed in.
突然电梯来了 女工们一下子涌了进去
I was searching for my sister, Rose,
我在找我的妹妹罗丝
but I couldn't find her.
但怎么也找不到她
The flames were coming toward me,
火焰正朝着我的方向扑来
and I was being left behind.
我被甩在了逃生队伍最后
I felt the elevator was leaving the ninth floor
我觉得这次电梯离开9楼后
for the last time.
就再也不会回来了
She's the last person to get to the last elevator.
她是搭上最后一班电梯的最后一个人
More than 100 girls are left behind to die.
其他100多名女工失去了最后逃生机会
The only escape route left is the metal fire escape...
还剩下一条逃生路线 就是金属防火梯
but it collapses.
但已经塌落
Firemen arrive with the biggest ladder in New York City.
消防员带来了全纽约市最大的梯子
But it's 30 feet too short.
但仍差30英尺
4:58 p.m.
下午4时58分
The girls trapped on the ninth floor are out of options.
被困9楼的女工已别无选择
In desperation...they jump.
由于绝望 她们选择了向下跳
5:15 p.m.
下午5时15分
The entire blaze is over in less than half an hour.
不到半小时 大火就被扑灭
146 people die in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire.
146人在三角女式衬衫厂的大火中丧生
There's a trial, but the owners walk free.
法院进行了审判 但雇主获判无罪
It remains the deadliest
它是"911"之前
workplace disaster in NYC history until September 11, 2001.
纽约史上死伤最惨重的工作场所事故
But some good does come out of it.
但这场事故带来的并非全是恶果
This dramatic tragedy sparks a wave of reform,
这场悲剧引致了一场变革
so you begin to get new restrictions
政府开始制定新的限制措施
and a new conversation about what to do
社会展开了一场关于该如何防止
to prevent this kind of tragedy from happening.
类似事故再度发生的大讨论
But it did not stop, of course, that tragedy itself.
但对这次事故本身来说 一切都太晚了
Unions force management to take responsibility
工会要求管理方担负起
for the lives of their workers.
保护工人生命安全的责任
The Life Safety Code now used in all 50 states
50个州现行的《生命安全守则》
is a direct result of this fire.
就直接源于这场大火
It's why doors now open outwards in public buildings,
其中规定公共场所的门必须向外打开
why automatic sprinkler systems
必须设置自动喷水灭火系统
or multiple exits are now the law.
必须设有多于一个出口
The US and the modern city grew up together.
美国的发展伴随着现代城市的兴起
Typically new, enormous and fast-paced,
以新兴 大规模以及快节奏为特征的
the megacity is one of America's greatest inventions.
现代大都市成了美国最伟大的发明之一
