RESOURCES / 英语学习资源
RESOURCES / 英语学习资源
秀丽英语学习软件支持网上下载的各种视频文件，配合srt格式的英文字幕，就可以用于学习。
以下是为方便大家学习，从网上搜集的一些资源，资源添加中。
美国：我们的故事 第八集 Boom/繁荣
America strikes oil and the boom time begins. Henry Ford brings the motorcar to the masses; the nation hits the road. Massive engineering projects modernize the West. Intended to cure vice, Prohibition fuels the growth of organized crime. 美国罢工的石油和繁荣时期的开始。亨利福特汽车给群众带来的国家访问的道路。大型工程项目的现代化西方。用来治疗副燃料，禁止有组织犯罪的增长。
视频及中英文字幕文件下载地址：
链接：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1i3BrHUP 密码：66vm
如何下载，请看操作说明。
英汉双语对照剧本
The dawn of the 20th century.
20世纪初
America is changing in ways never thought possible.
美国正以超乎想象的方式发生着改变
Cities explode outwards.
城市大规模扩张
Booze fuels a criminal underworld.
酗酒导致的黑社会犯罪屡有发生
Millions head north to escape poverty.
几百万人为摆脱贫穷来到北方
Violence erupts.
暴力犯罪陡然增加
America is about to become
美国即将成为
the richest nation on earth.
世界经济头号强国
We are pioneers
我们是前锋
and trailblazers.
也是先驱
We fight for freedom.
我们为自由而战
We transform our dreams into the truth.
我们将梦想付诸现实
Our struggles will become a nation.
我们的奋斗将换来一个国家的新生
It's 1900.
1900年
The dawn of the greatest consumer boom
一场全世界前所未见的
the world has ever seen.
消费繁荣悄然来临
But none of it will happen without the discovery
但这场变革还有一个至关重要的前提
of what lies beneath the Texas dirt.
那就是埋藏在德克萨斯土地下的新发现
Oil.
石油
Oil will power the 20th century
石油将会成为20世纪的推动力
and build the modern world.
以及现代世界的基石
Men call it... "Black gold."
人们称之为黑金
Texas: A wide-open and wild territory.
德克萨斯 一片广袤而开阔的未开发土地
Closer to the old West than modern day.
当时具有比今天浓厚得多的西部气息
The Hamill brothers,
哈米尔两兄弟
Al, 24, ex-cattleman,
弟弟艾尔 24岁 之前是放牧人
Curt, 28, ex-salesman.
哥哥科特 28岁 之前是推销员
A new breed of pioneer on the American frontier:
他们现在成了美国新一代的拓荒者
oilmen.
油井工人
Young, rugged, ambitious.
年轻 刚强 志向远大
Known as some of the best in the business.
他们是同侪中的佼佼者
In the beginning of oil, it was hardship.
刚开始钻井的时候总是困难重重
Everything was hard to do.
所有工作都步履维艰
We didn't know anything.
我们当时除了地表以外
Only the surface of the ground.
对地底下的情况一无所知
Oil has just been discovered in Texas,
此时德克萨斯刚发现石油
but the wells are small.
但油田储量都不大
Prospectors have a hunch
勘探者们预感到
that this shallow hill near Beaumont, east of Houston,
这片位于休斯顿以东 博蒙特附近的小山丘
signifies oil.
应该有石油
What they don't know, what nobody knows,
他们乃至任何人都不知道的是
is that beneath their feet
他们脚下
lie oil reserves worth more than $11 billion today.
埋藏着价值相当今天110亿美元的石油
Nowhere in the world
此前 世界上没有任何地方
has anybody discovered this much oil before.
发现过比它储量更大的油矿
The first prospectors to tap into these reserves
第一批开采这些石油储藏的勘探者
will become rich beyond their wildest dreams.
将赚到他们做梦都想不到的巨额财富
The field the Hamill brothers are hired to drill
哈米尔兄弟受雇开采的这片油田
will become the stuff of legend...
将成为一个传奇地名
Spindletop.
纺锤顶
Until the late 1850s, oil had been,
一直到19世纪50年代末
really an annoyance to most people.
石油并不受大多数人欢迎
And people would dig water wells,
当人们想钻水井时
and if they happened to strike oil by accident,
如果不小心钻到了石油
they'd curse their bad luck.
会埋怨自己倒霉
But with the development of railroads
但随着铁路的发展
and with the Industrial Revolution, for the first time,
以及工业革命的展开 人们首次
people began seeking oil.
开始寻找石油
Until recently, whale oil cornered the market.
不久之前 鲸油还在市场上独占鳌头
It was used in lamps to light homes and streets.
它被运用到油灯中来点亮千家万户 寻常巷陌
But the whales have been hunted to near-extinction.
但鲸鱼已经濒临灭绝
One discovery has saved them.
一个发现挽救了它们
Oil.
那就是石油
Made from the remains of tiny organisms in the world's oceans,
形成于海洋中残留的微小有机体
it's been down there for as long as 160 million years.
石油在地下已沉睡了一亿六千万年
Native Americans have used it as medicine.
美洲印第安人曾经把它用作药物
Then, in 1854, scientists in Pennsylvania
随后 1854年 宾夕法尼亚的科学家
discover it can be used for lighting.
发现它可以用来照明
There's no turning back.
从此一发不可收拾
Coal still dominates industry,
当时煤炭仍旧统治着整个工业
powering trains and factories.
为火车和工厂提供动力
But it's dirty and less efficient.
但它污染环境 效率不高
A ton of coal has half the energy of a ton of oil.
一吨煤提供的能量仅仅是等量石油的一半
For the right rig in the right place,
在合适的地方架起钻井台
there are fortunes to be made.
财富就能源源不断而来
Well, that is the American dream,
那就是美国梦
is that this is a land of opportunity
这是一片充满机遇的土地
where anything is possible
如果你卷起袖子大干一场
if you roll up your sleeves and get to it.
一切皆有可能
Prospectors have tried drilling at Spindletop before,
之前采油者们尝试在纺锤顶钻井
but all previous wells here came up empty.
但都空手而归
The land, great for farming, is lousy for drilling.
这片适合农耕的土地难于钻探
Earlier attempts hit hundreds of feet of sand and collapsed.
早期的尝试因遭遇几百英尺的沙子而坍塌
The Hamills get $2 for every foot they drill,
哈米尔兄弟每钻一英尺挣2美元
top dollar in those days.
在当时已算报酬丰厚
And when investors pay top dollar,
既然投资者给他们丰厚的报酬
they expect results.
就期待有所收获
Their contract pays them to 1,200 feet.
合约要求他们钻1200英尺
If they don't hit oil by then,
如果他们到时没能开采到石油
the well's a dud and they're through.
这口井就一文不值 他们也就前功尽弃
That's good, that's good.
很好 很好
Right now, they are at 400 feet.
现在他们已经钻了400英尺
Drilling for oil is dangerous work.
开采石油的工作危险重重
6,000 die in oil explosions every year.
每年有6000人死于石油爆炸
Most rigs are primitive tools,
大多数钻井架都很原始粗糙
smashing through rock by pounding it
由系在缆绳上的重物
with a heavy object on a cable.
来敲打击穿岩石
But this is sand.
但这里有沙地
You can't smash your way through sand.
不可能敲碎沙子来开路
The Hamills are gambling on revolutionary technology,
哈米尔兄弟赌上了革命性的技术
a steam engine that drills a pipe through the ground.
他们用蒸汽引擎带动钻头开路
So far, it's been able to bore through 500 feet of sand and bedrock
目前 他们已在沙子和岩床中钻了500英尺
with no collapses.
未发生坍塌
But at 600 feet...
但到了600英尺
disaster strikes.
灾难袭来
The drill hits a pocket of explosive gas and water.
钻头击中了爆炸气体和水层
The pressure forces gas back up through the pipe.
压力迫使气体顺着管道回流
They're lucky to survive.
他们能活着已属幸运
I see a really strong parallel
我在开采者
between the culture of prospecting
和企业家努力的身影中
and the culture of entrepreneurial endeavors.
看到了相同点
You do all your surveys,
做足全方位的调查功夫
you plan it out, you think it's really great,
制定出完整的计划 觉得万事俱备了
you dig down and there's nothing there.
于是开始挖掘 但一无所获
It's really hard to predict.
一切都难以预料
Progress is slow.
进展缓慢
They're fighting for every foot.
每一英尺都举步维艰
The sand is too fine even for their drill.
沙子对于钻探来说太细太滑
The walls of the bore hole are starting to collapse.
钻孔壁开始坍塌
Normally these kinds of rigs pump water
通常对于这样的钻井台
into the bore hole to support its walls.
需要给钻孔内泵水来支撑孔壁
But the sand is too fine, the water too thin.
但是沙子太细 水的密度太小
They need a thicker liquid.
他们需要密度更大的液体
They're forced to improvise,
不得不作临时补救
using only material they have on hand.
用他们手中仅有的材料
Water... dirt...
水 土
and cows.
和奶牛
We brought in a small herd of cattle
我们引进了一小群牛
and turned them loose in a nearby water pit.
在附近的小水坑里放养
The cattle stomped around and made lots of mud for us.
牛群来回趟过 制造了许多泥浆
The answer to all their problems is mud.
解决问题的关键就是泥浆
With mud holding up the walls of the bore hole,
用泥浆来支撑钻孔壁
they're back on track.
他们的工程重回正轨
From then on,
从那以后
we operated the rig 24 hours a day.
我们一天24小时都在钻井台上工作
Curt's innovation is still in use today,
科特的创新沿用至今
only now rigs use synthetic compounds.
只不过现在是用设备进行人工合成
But drilling fluids like this are still called mud.
不过像这样的钻井液仍叫做泥浆
It's January 10, 1901.
1901年1月10日
The Hamills have been drilling for over two months.
哈米尔兄弟已经钻井两个多月了
They're past 1,100 feet--still no break through.
他们已经钻了1100英尺却仍然没有突破
Another 100 and they'll have to quit.
再钻100英尺就不得不放弃了
Then....
然而
I walked over and looked down the hole there.
我走上前 朝洞里面看过去
I heard--sort of heard something kind of bubbling
我听见某种好像冒气泡的声音
just a little bit, and looked down there.
很轻微 我向下看
And here, this frothy oil was starting up.
在那里 冒着泡的石油蠢蠢欲动
It was just breathing, like, you know,
就好像在呼吸一样
coming up and sinking back with the gas pressure
随着气压上下颤动
and it kept coming up and over the rotary table,
然后石油不断冒上来 溢出轮盘
and each flow a little higher,
一波又比一波高
and a little higher and a little higher.
一波更比一波高
This is a day that changes America forever.
这一天永久地改变了美国
Clear the rig, clear the rig!
离开钻井台 离开钻井台
Finally, it came up with such momentum that it just shot up
最终 石油势头强劲地涌出来 以至于
clear through the top of the derrick.
高度都超过了油井架顶
The guides of crude oil shoot almost 200 feet into the air.
原油冲破天际几乎200英尺
The Hamills were hoping for 50 barrels a day.
哈米尔兄弟原希望一天产油50桶
The well would soon be pumping out over 80,000,
油井产量很快就突破了8万桶
making the US the largest oil producer in the world.
使得美国成为世界上最大的产油国
Overnight, the backers funding the rig
钻井台的投资者一夜之间
are nearly $40 million richer.
狂赚近4000万美元
The Hamill brothers become legends.
哈米尔兄弟缔造了神话
The oil just burst out of the ground,
石油就这样喷薄而出
and it spewed for days and days before they could bring it under control.
在人们控制住它之前 源源不断喷出
It really marked the beginning
这真的标志了美国
of the petroleum age in the United States,
石油时代的开端
and one could argue, in the world as well.
也可以说 是世界石油时代的开端
Spindletop changes everything.
纺锤顶改变了一切
Oil production in the US instantly increases 50%.
美国的石油产量激增了50%
Within a year, 500 oil companies are born,
仅仅一年内就诞生了500家石油公司
including Texaco and Gulf.
包括德士古和海湾石油公司
The price of oil plummets from $2 a barrel to 3￠.
石油的价格从每桶2美元急跌至3美分
It's cheaper than water.
比水还廉价
Cheap enough to turn into gasoline.
廉价到足以用来生产汽油
Around the turn of the century,
在世纪之交
millions of Americans
数百万美国人
live their entire lives within 50 miles of their home.
一辈子都生活在自己家方圆50英里内
Gasoline makes the US mobile
汽油使美国以一种
in ways never thought possible.
前所未有的方式移动起来
Today the average American drives
今天 平均每个美国人的开车路程
the equivalent of 2 and a half round-trips to the moon.
相当于往返月球两次半
One man will seize the opportunity in cheap oil
有一个人抓住了廉价石油潜在的机遇
and change the face of the nation.
并且改变了整个国家的面貌
Detroit, 1908.
底特律 1908年
Henry Ford:
亨利·福特
maverick, visionary, obsessive...
他标新立异 深有远见 执着坚持
a man with a bad reputation.
名声并不好
Recently let go by the company
刚刚遭公司解雇
that will soon become Cadillac,
该公司是凯迪拉克的前身
he launches his third attempt to build cars.
这是他第三次尝试制造汽车
But these will be different.
不过制造方式截然不同
There are only 8,000 cars in the US.
当时美国只有8000辆汽车
Expensive toys for the wealthy,
汽车是有钱人的高价玩具
like owning a private jet today.
类似于今天的私人飞机
There were dozens and dozens of small companies building cars
有许多小规模的汽车公司
that were essentially play things for the rich.
造的车基本上是富人的玩具
They were notoriously unreliable,
众所周知 它们很不可靠
they were not standardized,
没有统一的规格
they were hand-built, essentially.
基本上都是手工制造
And if you were to own a car,
如果想要拥有一辆车
you practically had to have your own mechanic on staff
你几乎不得不配备私人机械师
as well to keep the thing running.
来维持正常运作
Nobody's figured out how to make a car
没人知道如何可以造出
that's affordable and low-cost.
令大众接受且造价低廉的汽车
Henry Ford is about to change that.
亨利·福特将改写历史
It won't just change how cars are made.
不仅改变了汽车的生产方式
It will change how everything is made.
还改变了所有东西的生产方式
Detroit, 1913.
底特律 1913年
Henry Ford isn't just making a revolutionary car.
亨利·福特不仅制造出革命性的汽车
He's making it in a revolutionary way.
还创造了革命性的生产方式
The production line.
生产线
High volume, low cost.
高产量 低成本
Products identical.
产品规格统一
The man who places the part doesn't fasten it.
负责放置零件的人不用固定它
The man who puts in a bolt doesn't put on the nut,
负责上螺栓的人不用上螺母
and the man who puts on the nut doesn't tighten it.
负责放螺母的人不用上紧它
Work is standardized.
工作规范化
Simplified.
简单化
It's a more efficient way to make... everything.
不管生产什么 生产效率都更高了
Mass production sweeps the nation.
大规模生产横扫美国
And it changes the world.
也改变了世界
To be anassembly-line worker,
作为一名流水线工人
you did not have to have a high degree of skill,
不需要高水平的技术
you didn't have to be a card-carrying machinist
不必成为职业机械师
or whatever it might be.
或别的什么
All you had to do was to learn
你所要做的就是
how to turn the same wrench
拿着同一个扳手
on the same nut 5,000 times a day
在同样的螺母上每天拧5000下
and that was your job.
那就是你的工作
Prices plummet.
汽车价格急跌
In 1913, a Model T cost two years' wages.
1913年一辆T型车要花两年的收入
By 1924, it's just three months.
到1924年 只要三个月的收入
The Model T, without question,
无可置疑 T型车
is one of the single objects
是美国历史上
in the history of America that changed America.
改变这个国家的事物之一
What Henry Ford developed was
亨利·福特使普通人
the car for the common man.
拥有汽车成为可能
The impact of this little car is massive.
车虽小影响却极大
300,000 sold in 1913.
1913年一年就卖出了30万辆
By 1924,
到1924年
there's a new Model T every 24 seconds.
每24秒就有一辆新的T型车卖出
Suddenly, this form of transportation,
一时间 这种全新的
which was entirely new,
交通工具
was something that people could actually engage in.
参与到人们的生活中
They could afford it.
大众担负得起
It wasn't like a spaceship,
不像太空飞船那样
where there are only several of them,
数量稀少
and they're millions and millions of dollars.
价格高昂
Washington State, 1915.
华盛顿州 1915年
The Model T's success is creating a nation of student drivers.
T型车的成功 掀起了全国的学车热潮
Roscoe Sheller used to be a dairy farmer.
罗斯科·谢勒曾经是个奶农
He's about to start a new job...
他将要从事一项新的工作
car salesman.
汽车销售员
The pay is fantastic.
报酬很吸引人
The only problem is... he can't drive.
唯一的问题是他不会开车
You're not riding a horse, just take it easy.
你不是在骑马 放轻松
His boss offers to
他的老板
teach him the morning of his first day at work.
在他第一天上班的早上就教他开车
It's not long before Roscoe has his first customers.
不久之后罗斯科就有了第一位客户
Luckily, there's a manual called
幸好有一本手册叫做
"How to Drive an Automobile.",
《如何开车》
Cranking is an art that is essential
用曲柄启动是由新手
for the new motorist to become proficient in.
到熟练司机的基础
It is always a good plan.
这一直是个好方法
... undoubtedly a good idea to learn to steer first.
毋庸置疑 最好首先学习操控方向盘
Steering is a very simple manipulation.
操控方向盘是很简单的操作
An excellent plan for the beginning is to find
一开始最好找一条
a long, straight and slightly downhill road,
又长又直 有点下坡
free of other traffic...
且没有其他交通工具的道路
Roscoe takes his customers for a test drive.
罗斯科带着他的客户进行了一次试驾
Most are used to a horse and buggy.
许多客户们习惯了马匹和轻型马车
The majority of first-time drivers
大部分首次开车的人
completely ignored corners.
完全忽视了转弯
Instead of using a brake,
不会用刹车
they shouted "Whoa" at the top of their lung power.
他们就用尽全力喊"吁"
Often, they demand I teach his wife
通常 他们要求我教他们的妻子
and every kid old enough to reach the pedals.
和那些能踩到踏板的孩子们
America's love affair with the automobile has begun.
美国人和汽车的不解之缘由此开始
The American has a great sense of freedom
美国人有着很强烈的自由意识
and not being tied to one place.
不会被束缚在一个地方
If I don't like it here,
如果我不喜欢这里
I'm gonna pack everything in the car.
我就将所有的东西打包上车
They don't require anybody's permission,,
不需要任何人的批准
they don't have to sign out,
不需要登记离开
and the automobile really enables that.
汽车就可以做到这点
When I came to America,
我来到美国时
the first thing I want to think about,
首先考虑的是
"How can I get hold of a car?"
怎样弄到一辆车
I had a love affair with cars from the very beginning,
一开始我就疯狂地爱上了汽车
because this method of movement
因为那种移动方式
that can enable you to see vast, expansive space
能够带我领略天地的广阔无垠
is something I never experienced in China.
这是我在中国从未有过的感受
Never.
前所未有
This is something I wanted to do
当时的我
almost more than anything else, is to buy a car.
对于一辆汽车的渴望胜过其他的一切
Roscoe Sheller is one of America's pioneer car dealers.
罗斯科·谢勒是美国第一代汽车经销商
Today America drives 2.7 trillion miles a year
如今美国人驾驶着福特T型轿车的后代们
in vehicles that are descendants of Henry Ford's Model T.
每年行驶总里程 高达两万七千亿英里
Cars.
汽车
By the roaring '20s,
在蓬勃发展的二十年代
they are transforming the lives of millions.
扩大了百万人的居住范围
Now you don't have to live near work.
人们不再被迫居住在工作地周围
Cities explode outwards, creating giant suburbs.
城市疾速扩张 大面积的郊区发展起来
Brand-new highways are built.
随之建立的是全新的高速路
Shopping malls with giant car parks.
配有巨大停车场的购物中心
The biggest urban sprawl of all, Los Angeles,
其中城市扩张范围最大的是洛杉矶
the center of a massive entertainment industry.
这个庞大的娱乐业中心
800 films produced a year in the 1920s,
二十年代时 年产电影已达800部
double the amount today.
而如今 是那时的两倍
A feverish land grab is in full swing.
一场"圈地运动"正如火如荼地进行着
High in the hills, a real-estate syndicate buys 500 acres.
一名开发商在高山上买下500英亩土地
They hire stonemasons from Italy
并专程从意大利雇来石匠
to build luxury mansions overlooking the city.
来建造能够俯瞰城市的奢华别墅
Dream homes fit for oil tycoons and film stars.
这是为石油大亨与影星量身建造的梦幻屋
To kick off their investment:
为向世人证明其价值
the biggest advertising sign on the planet.
世界上最大的广告牌诞生了
4,000 light bulbs announce the name of this luxury development.
4000枚照明灯向世界宣告着豪宅的名字
Hollywoodland.
好莱坞庄园
Movie director Busby Berkeley
电影导演巴斯比·伯克利
buys the first house on the plot.
是第一个入住此地的人
It supposed to be a temporary sign.
这本是个临时的广告牌
In 1949, the end is removed.
1949年 "庄园"两字被拆掉
It becomes just "Hollywood.",
只留下了"好莱坞"
Built on oil, fueled by cars and movies,
以石油为基 佐以汽车工业与影视业
LA is the fastest-growing city in the world.
洛城成为了世界上发展最快的城市
But none of this incredible growth
这一切发展
has been possible without one other vital ingredient.
都倚赖于一种决定性的资源
Water.
水
William Mulholland: Irish immigrant,tenacious, ruthless.
威廉·穆赫兰 爱尔兰移民 固执而冷酷
Superintendent of the LA City Water Company.
洛城自来水公司主管
It's 1904.
1904年
LA is running out of water.
洛城大旱
It's headline news.
成为了新闻头条
It's up to Mulholland to find it.
找到水源 穆赫兰重任在肩
His reputation is on the line.
他的名誉悬此一线
The story of the West is the story of water,
西部的故事绝大多数与水有关
because you can't turn this region
因为如果无法解决稀缺的水源问题
that has a fertile soil and sites for city development
就无法将这片沃土
without that incredibly scarce resource in the West.
建设成发达的城市
Southern California.
加利福尼亚南部
Rainfall as low as 2 inches a year.
年降水量只有2英寸
Temperatures as high as 134 degrees.
气温却高达134华氏度[摄氏56.7度]
The surrounding mountains get plenty of rainfall.
周围的山地能够截到大量降水
The problem is, it stays there.
但问题是 降水都被积蓄在山上
LA has one small river.
一条小河流经洛城
It provides a fraction of the water
但对于疾速发展的城市而言
the growing city will need.
这不过是杯水车薪
California is at the edge of the great Western desert,
加利福尼亚位于西部大荒漠的边缘
and in order for large numbers of people
若想吸引大量人口迁入
to live in the cities of California,
加利福尼亚的城市
means had to be provided to get the water,
人们必须先要将水
from where it was in California, mountains,
从加利福尼亚的山上
to where the people were, in the cities.
送到人口聚集的城市中去
Mulholland must find water.
穆赫兰必须要找到水源
The fate of Southern California hangs in the balance.
加州南部的未来命悬一线
His search begins just outside the city.
他开始从城市外围寻找水源
Nothing.
但一无所获
He moves 200 miles northeast.
他又向东北走了200英里
Still nothing.
依然无功而返
Finally, he reaches an area called Owens Valley.
直到最后 他找到了一个名叫欧文斯谷的地方
It's perfect.
终于 柳暗花明
Water flowing out of the mountains
雨水顺着山坡流下
has formed a massive lake, 110 square miles.
积蓄成一片110平方英里的巨大湖泊
Result, an oasis of lush farmland.
滋润了一片苍翠繁茂的绿洲农场
Locals call it the Switzerland of California.
当地人称之为加州的瑞士
Aided only by gravity,
只需借助重力作用
this water could flow all the way to Los Angeles.
这里的水便能一路流向洛杉矶
All you need is an aqueduct.
唯一要做的 就是修建一条水渠
It sounds simple,
这看似简单
but the engineering feat will be phenomenal.
实际工程量却极为浩大
It's going to take
整个工程需要
223 miles of steel pipe and concrete waterway,
223英里长的钢管与混凝土水渠
120 miles of railroad track,
120英里铁轨
218 miles of power lines,
218英里电力线
500 miles of road.
和500英里公路
If Mulholland can pull it off,
若穆赫兰能够成就此举
he'll completely transform not just LA,
他将彻底改变洛杉矶
but the entire state.
乃至整个加州
The first giant step in creating
这是在美国建立
the largest agricultural economy in the country.
最发达农业经济过程中 所跨出的第一步
But it will come at a cost.
但这一步也将付出代价
The Los Angeles Aqueduct.
洛杉矶引水渠的建设
5 years, 5,000 men.
耗时5年 5000劳力
223 miles of steel and concrete
223英里钢筋混凝土
that change the face of the West.
改变了整个西部的面貌
At the time, the largest water project in the world.
这是当时世界上最大的水利工程
It cost the lives of 43 men.
43人为此献出了生命
Finally, in 1913...
终于 在1913年
it's finished.
工程竣工了
This is yours!
胜利是属于你们的
It is your own fidelity and
是你们的兢兢业业
unfaltering courage that made the work possible.
你们的坚韧不拔 让这一切变为可能
The aqueduct is completed, and it is good.
引水渠已经完工 非常不错
The aqueduct saves Los Angeles.
引水渠拯救了洛杉矶
The city grows from 250,000 in 1900
让这座城市的人口从1900年的25万
to 2 million in 1930.
激增到1930年的200万
The federal government's investment
联邦政府投资
in projects that move water in the West
兴修水利的这项举措
is more deeply formative of the character of the Western region
对于西部地区的影响
than all the cowboys and sodbusters
是所有牛仔 农夫
and wagon trains and pioneers there ever were.
马车队 此前的拓荒者远不能及的
But for Owens Valley,
但对欧文斯谷
the source of the water, it's a disaster.
这个水源地而言 这简直是灭顶之灾
The lake is sucked dry, creating a giant wasteland.
湖泊被彻底抽干 造成了大面积的荒漠
Local farmers attempt to blow the aqueduct up,
当地的农民曾试图炸毁引水渠
over 10 times.
不下10次
But it's an unwinnable contest.
但这无异于螳臂当车
This was controversial stuff.
这是一个倍受争议的工程
There was a lot of backroom politicking,
期间有很多政治上的暗箱操作
a lot of buying people off.
花了很多钱才摆平
This made a lot people unhappy.
这触怒了很多人
This devastated a region of California,
并给水源地区
the source of that water,
以毁灭性的打击
but it was enormously beneficial,
但它的巨大收益却不容小觑
and in fact, one could argue
事实上 甚至可以说
Los Angeles could not have grown in the way it did,
洛杉矶能有今日的繁荣
without Mulholland architecting
离不开穆赫兰所兴建的
that aqueduct of water being brought to that area.
这条引水渠所引来的淡水
Owens Valley farmland remains barren for decades.
欧文斯谷的农场因此荒废了几十年
But in the 1990s, LA authorities
但上世纪90年代 洛城当局
begin the long process of restoring it.
启动了长期的重建计划
It's always been true that if you want something great,
不入虎穴焉得虎子
you may have to give up something great to get there.
这是亘古不变的真理
We've sacrificed our blood and treasure
我们挥洒着自己的鲜血与财富
for just about every great thing in America.
成就着美国一个又一个的奇迹
The Los Angeles Aqueduct
洛杉矶引水渠
remains one of America's
是美国历史上
most ambitious engineering efforts.
最具野心的工程之一
When they built the aqueduct to
他们建成了水渠
bring water down across an entire state,
将水引向整个加州
what a feat that was
这是多么伟大的功绩啊
and how it so fundamentally changed a whole part,
它又是如此彻底地改变了
of the state of California.
整个加州的面貌
And when you fly over California now,
每当乘飞机掠过加州上空
I always look out the window and I look down,
我总会透过窗子 俯瞰外面的景色
you can see that glittering silver ribbon
将会看到它有如一条闪闪发光的银丝带
that runs the entire length of the state.
跨越整个加州 徐徐飘扬
It was always just magical to me.
在我眼里它总是那么梦幻
1914.
1914年
The aqueduct is a year old.
引水渠建成一周年
America is booming.
美国的繁荣仍在继续
World War I creates massive demand
一战的打响 极大地刺激了
for weapons, cars and oil.
对武器 汽车和原油的需求
In just four years, the economy doubles.
仅仅四年间 美国经济翻了一番
America is poised to become the richest nation on earth.
美国眼看就要成为世界上最富有的国家
Three generations from the end of slavery,
奴隶制瓦解后的三代南方黑人
black Southerners are on the move in search of a better life.
开始向北迁移 以谋求更好的生活
Between 1915 and 1930,
在1915到1930年之间
one and half Million head north--
150万南方黑人向北进发
one in seven of the entire
这个数目占到了
African-American population of the US.
全体非裔美国人口的七分之一
It's called the Great Migration.
这场运动被称为大迁移
The North represented the promised land, to blacks in the South.
北方在南方黑人的眼中象征着"应许之地"
If you can go North, you can work.
只要你到北方去 就会有工作
If you can go North,
只要你到北方去
you're not going to have to step off the curb
当你在路上碰到白人时
when whites walk down the block.
你不必再卑微地闪到一边
If you can go North,
只要你到北方去
you can live in better neighborhoods
你就能住上好一点的街区
and your children get a better education.
你的孩子就能受到更好的教育
Many head for the Ford plant in Detroit.
很多人都进了底特律的福特汽车厂
Ford is unique in paying black and white workers the same,
只有福特给他们的薪水 与白人同等
a staggering $5 a day,
日薪惊人地高达5美元
five times more than a sharecropper's wage in Georgia.
比佐治亚州的一个佃农多出五倍
But equal pay doesn't mean equal treatment.
但同等薪酬并不意味着同等待遇
Frank Hadas is an engineer at the plant.
弗兰克·哈戴斯是厂里的一名工程师
You can have them on some dirty, rough job
你可以让他们做一些脏活累活
where there wouldn't be many whites to
这样白人就不会有
complain against them,
太多抱怨
but if you try to mix them in the assembly lines
但如果把他们安插到流水线上
or any place elsewhere whites predominated
或任何白人占据主导的部门
and hung their coats touching those of whites,
甚至在挂他们衣服的时候碰到了白人的衣服
you know, you couldn't do that.
都绝不可以
Many white workers fear losing jobs
很多白人担心
to the new black workforce.
黑人劳工抢走他们的饭碗
Resentment is at the boiling point.
憎恨情绪越演越烈
The denial of white privilege
白人特权的排斥
clashing with the ambition of blacks looking for the promised land
与黑人寻找"应许之地"的梦想不断冲突
inevitably led to an explosion.
最终势必会引发暴乱
The fuse will be lit in the summer of 1919.
1919年夏 导火索终于被点燃了
Chicago.
芝加哥
There's no official segregation,
官方的种族隔离已不复存在
but it's everywhere.
但其实无处不在
Even on the beaches of Lake Michigan.
即使在密歇根湖畔 都能嗅到它的气息
Whites refuse to sell their houses to blacks.
白人拒绝把房子卖给黑人
Homeowners in Hyde Park and Kenwood hold a meeting.
海德花园和肯伍德社区的业主举行了一次会议
The Negro invasion of the district
黑奴入侵到我们的家园
is the worst calamity that has struck the city.
是这座城市最大的灾难
Property owners should be notified to stand together
我们业主应该团结一心
block by block to prevent such invasion.
以街区为单位 步步为营防止入侵
Sunday, July 27th,
7月27日 星期日
a day that will be etched in history.
这一天将被永远载入史册
17-year-old Eugene Williams
17岁的尤金·威廉斯
skips church with some friends to go for a swim.
没去教堂做礼拜 而是和朋友去游泳
John Harris is with them.
约翰·哈里斯也在其中
We could swim under water and dive and come up.
我们在水下游泳 潜水再爬上来
Swim, kick, dive and play around.
边游泳 边嬉戏 在那附近玩
A group of black men wander over to the white beach.
另外有群黑人 游荡到了白人的湖滨
They are not welcome.
他们是不受欢迎的
Don't you come near me like that!
以后不许再到这儿来
Eugene's raft is also drifting in that direction.
尤金的木筏也正好在往那个方向漂
It can only spell trouble.
这只能意味着 要出事了
July 1919.
1919年7月
On a beach in Chicago, tensions are rising.
芝加哥的湖滨 紧张的气氛一触即发
A white bather throws rocks.
一个来游泳的白人向他们扔石头
John Harris thinks it's a game.
約翰·哈里斯以为他在和他们嬉戏
He'd take a rock and throw it, and we'd duck.
他用石头丢我们 我们便躲入水中
One fella would say,"Look out!" And we would duck it.
有人说"小心" 我们便马上躲进水中
But it's no game.
但这并非游戏
This is racial tension transplanted to city life.
这是被带进城市的 紧张的种族关系
Eugene！
尤金
Help!
救命
Somebody help!
快来人啊
By the time they get Eugene Williams back to the beach,
他们将尤金·威廉斯拖回沙滩时
he's dead.
他已经死了
The police officer on duty is Daniel Callahan.
当值的警员名叫丹尼尔·卡拉汉
He refuses to arrest the white man who threw the fatal rock...
他拒绝逮捕行凶的白人
but arrests a black man instead.
反而抓走了一个黑人
This is how the Chicago Race Riot of 1919 begins.
就此引发了1919年芝加哥种族暴动
Eight bloody days.
腥风血雨的8天中
500 wounded.
500人受伤
38 die...
38人丧命
23 of them black.
其中有23名黑人
But the violence is just beginning.
但暴力冲突才刚刚开始
Riots erupt in 24 more cities across America.
骚乱在美国24座其他城市接连爆发
It's called "The Red Summer."
史称 "血腥之夏"
Many found that the promised land
许多黑人开始意识到"应许之地"
was not the promise they thought.
并非为他们而设
The North was better than the South,
北方的确比南方好
but there was not the land of milk and honey.
但绝非"流奶与蜜之地"[语出《圣经》]
The divide separating black and white widens.
黑白种族之间的分裂日益加剧
Ghettos expand.
贫民窟不断扩张
Harlem in New York.
纽约的哈勒姆
Paradise Valley in Detroit.
底特律的天堂谷
The Hill District in Pittsburgh.
匹兹堡的希尔区
In Chicago, the South Side.
芝加哥的南区
Separate, but not equal.
各自为政 但并不平等
Black Americans are on the outside looking in.
美国黑人被排斥在主流社会之外
But black neighborhoods also mean black majorities,
但大量的黑人人口也意味着黑人占大多数
and in America, majority means power.
而在美国 人多就是力量
In 1928,
1928年
voters on Chicago's South Side elect Oscar De Priest,
芝加哥南区选民选举奥斯卡·德普里斯特
the first black congressman in the North.
为北方首位黑人国会议员
80 years later, another Chicago resident
80年后 另一位芝加哥居民
becomes the nation's first black president.
当选美国首位黑人总统
It's 1920.
1920年
The country is at a turning point.
美国将迎来一个历史转折点
For the first time,
有史以来第一次
more Americans live in urban areas than rural.
美国的城市人口超过农村人口
Cities become a symbol for decadence and danger.
城市成了堕落与危险的象征
Jazz, cabaret, liquor.
爵士乐 夜总会 酒
It will take the shirt off your back!
它会使你倾家荡产
It should be whipped out of the land of America
它应当从美国这块土地上禁绝
with a whip of scorpions!
彻底地禁绝
Billy Sunday, retired baseball player.
比利·桑德 退役棒球运动员
Reformed drinker.
改过自新的酒徒
The most famous preacher in the country.
美国最著名的布道师
I go to a young man up on the scaffold...
我朝站在脚手架上的一位年轻小伙子走去
America has a booze problem.
酗酒成为美国一大社会问题
Drink!
喝吧
You will affect only those...
你只能影响到那些...
At its peak, there's a saloon for every 300 people,
最多时每300个美国人就有一间酒吧
20 times more than today.
比今天足足多了20倍
50% of all crime involves alcohol.
有一半的刑事案件涉及酒精
When you come staggering home cussing right and left...
当你醉醺醺地回家骂这骂那
Billy Sunday isn't the only one
比利·桑德并不是唯一一个
who thinks alcohol is ruining America.
认为酒正在侵蚀美国的人
Religious groups rally.
宗教团体集会示威
Industrialists say it affects productivity.
工业家认为喝酒妨碍生产力
Women campaign against drunk men beating up their wives.
妇女组织活动抗议醉酒男人殴打妻子
Alcohol is the crystal meth of its day.
酒对当时的人而言如同冰毒
For many, a total ban is the only solution.
许多人相信彻底禁酒是唯一选择
On January 16, 1919,
1919年1月16日
the 18th amendment to the Constitution is ratified.
国会批准宪法第十八修正案
Prohibition makes the manufacture
禁酒令使得制造和售卖酒精饮料
and sale of alcohol illegal.
成为违法行为
This period in the early 20th century,
20世纪初的这段时期
just captured a whole swirl of desire
人们开始感受到一股冲动
to kind of rein in what's happening, shape it,
想要去对现状进行遏制和重塑
come up with new policies
政府制定了许多新政策
that will ensure that people will get along,
意在保障社会和谐
they will live virtuous lives,
弘扬崇德明礼的社会风气
so Prohibition is this grand experiment.
禁酒令可以说是一场大试验
But Prohibition also creates a nation of criminals.
但它也使很多人成了犯罪分子
This is one of them.
这就是其中一个
Willie Carter Sharpe, 26.
薇莉·卡特·夏普 现年26岁
Thrill seeker.
刺激追逐者
Outlaw.
社会边缘人
They call her "The Rum-Running Queen.",
人赐外号 朗姆酒飞车皇后
It's 1928. Prohibition is in its eighth year.
1928年 禁酒令实行的第8个年头
It was the excitement that got me.
我喜欢这样的刺激感
We were mostly kids who liked the excitement.
我们基本上就是一群喜欢玩刺激的孩子
Cars scattering, dashing along the streets.
车队三三两两 沿着街道飞奔
Behind her is a convoy of moonshine.
她的身后是一整支私酿酒者车队
Franklin County, Virginia,
弗吉尼亚州富兰克林郡
is one of the biggest moonshine producers in the country.
是当时全美最大的私酒生产地之一
Bootleg liquor headed across the county line.
私酒被源源不断运送出郡
Sharpe's job, decoy, to distract the Feds.
夏普的职责是引诱和分散联邦警察的注意力
In Franklin County,
据称在富兰克林郡
99 residents out of 100 are thought to be involved.
99%的居民与私酒业有牵连
Secret stills are everywhere.
到处都有私藏的蒸馏器
Moonshine is flooding across the country,
私酒充斥着整个美国
100 million gallons a year.
每年产量达1亿加仑
Even the President has a private wine cellar.
就连美国总统也有自己的隐秘酒窖
It seemed so ridiculous.
看起来真荒唐
Anyone would ever tell you
基本上人人都会告诉你
you cannot legislate morality,
不能将道德制定成法律
you certainly can't stop people from drinking.
喝酒的行为是禁止不了的
People need a drink at the end of the day.
人们终究还是需要一杯好酒的
Outrunning the cops is the new extreme sport.
跟警察赛车成了新的极限运动
Locals witness Carter Sharpe in action.
当地居民亲眼目睹了卡特·夏普的行动
I saw her go right through our town.
我看到她从我们镇里直穿过去
There was a federal car after her.
后面有辆联邦警车在追
They were trying to shoot down her tires.
他们想把她的车胎射瘪
She was driving at 75 miles an hour.
她的时速有75英里
She got away.
她逃脱了
She gets away because of this:
她逃脱的法宝在于
An ordinary car souped up for more horsepower.
将原本普通的车 改装成马力超强的赛车
A supercharger rams additional air into the cylinders.
用增压器向气缸内推送额外的空气
The result, America's first muscle cars.
美国最早的高性能赛车就此诞生
They're so popular,
它们如此受欢迎
they kick-start a new national pastime,
以致开启了一项崭新的全国性运动
stock-car racing.
改装车比赛
Even today, there's a driving maneuver called
直到今天 仍有一个赛车动作被命名为
"The bootleg turn."
私酒大转弯
But there's a darker side to bootlegging.
但私酒贩运还有更为黑暗的一面
The illegal liquor trade is worth
非法私酒贸易额
tens of billions in today's money,
相当于今天的数百亿美元
and it's not Willie Carter Sharpe who's in charge.
当然控制权肯定不在薇莉·卡特·夏普手中
It's gangsters.
而是在黑帮手里
Organized crime has a stranglehold
黑社会组织掌控着
stretching across the country.
整个美国的私酒贸易
Lucky Luciano in New York,
纽约的"小福星"卢西安诺[黑帮教父]
Frank "Chee-Chee" DeMayo, Kansas City.
堪萨斯城的法兰克· "奇奇"· 德迈奥
Joseph "Iron Man" Ardizzone in LA.
洛杉矶的约瑟夫·"铁人"·阿尔迪佐尼
The Licavoli family, Detroit.
底特律的里卡沃利家族
Harry Rosen, Philadelphia.
费城的哈里·罗森
Charles "King" Solomon, Boston.
波士顿的查尔斯·"国王"·所罗门
And in Chicago, the most notorious gangster of all,
还有来自芝加哥的最臭名昭著的黑帮头子
Al Capone.
阿尔·卡彭
He earns over $100 a minute from illegal alcohol.
他每分钟从私酒贸易中牟利超过100美元
That's $1,500 today.
相当于今天的1500美元
But his luck is about to change.
但他的好运就要到头了
2122 North Clark Street,
北克拉克大街2122号
headquarters of Capone's bitter rival,
卡彭的死对头
George "Bugs" Moran.
乔治·"小虫" ·莫兰的大本营
February 14, 1929.
1929年2月14日
Two men in police uniform arrive.
两名穿着警察制服的男人在此出现
Normally the cops leave without
通常只要花点小钱
arrests after a quick payoff.
就能疏通警察免于逮捕
But this isn't a normal day,
但这一天不同寻常
and these aren't regular cops.
他们也不是一般的警察
What happens on Valentine's Day 1929
1929年情人节发生的事件
will change the course of Prohibition in America.
将会改变禁酒令在美国的命运
Chicago, 1929.
1929年 芝加哥
More than half the city's cops are on the take.
过半数的市警察局警员有贪污行为
In a North Side garage,
在北区的一处车库里
seven gangsters are lined up.
7名黑帮成员面朝墙壁一字排开
They think it's routine.
他们以为这只是例行搜查
But today is no shakedown.
但今天远不止例行搜查这么简单
Behind them, a group of men arrive,
他们身后又来了一群人
two carrying Thompson submachine guns.
其中两人还携带有汤姆森冲锋枪
It's the most notorious slaying in Mob history.
这是黑帮历史上最臭名昭著的大屠杀
The question is, who's behind the hit?
问题是 这场屠杀行动背后是谁在指使
The police or Al Capone?
警察 还是阿尔·卡彭
Detectives and photographers flood the scene.
探员和摄影记者闻讯赶来
This shocking picture
这张令人震惊的照片
will appear in newspapers around the US.
后来出现在了美国各大报纸上
This is what Prohibition has come to.
这就是禁酒令引发的后果
America has had enough.
美国人已经受够了
The federal government is forced to act.
联邦政府被迫采取行动
Major Calvin Goddard,
卡尔文·戈达德少校
methodical, clinical, weapons expert.
一名讲求方法 思维缜密的武器专家
Pioneer of a brand-new science, ballistic forensics.
他开拓了一门全新的科学 法医弹道学
For the first time,
有史以来第一次
vital clues like bullet casings at a murder scene
像凶杀现场的子弹壳这样的重要线索
can be analyzed.
也能被进行科学分析
Goddard's work leads to one of
戈达德的研究最终促成了
the first forensic crime labs in America.
美国第一间罪案鉴证实验室的建立
It will revolutionize the work of the FBI.
将使联邦调查局工作方式发生重大转变
His job, to find out
他的任务是要找出
who is behind the St. Valentine's Day massacre.
谁是情人节大屠杀的幕后黑手
When a gun fires, it leaves marks on the bullet casing
每颗用过的子弹 弹壳上都会留有划痕
as unique as a fingerprint.
都如同指纹般独一无二
By analyzing casings at the murder scene,
通过对凶案现场的弹壳进行分析
Goddard establishes that just two Tommy guns were fired.
戈达德证实开火的只有两把冲锋枪
Neither is a police gun.
且都不是警备用枪
Everything points to Capone.
一切矛头直指卡彭
But convicting Capone of murder won't be easy.
但要让卡彭以凶杀罪伏法谈何容易
He has an alibi.
他有不在场证明
He was in Florida at the time.
称自己案发时在佛罗里达
They'll have to get him on a different charge.
检方不得不考虑以另外的罪名起诉
Frank Wilson, accountant.
弗兰克·威尔逊 会计师
A very different kind of crime buster.
惩恶除奸队伍中与众不同的一员
He's an agent of the Bureau of Internal Revenue in DC.
他是华盛顿特区国税局的一名公务员
He's going after Capone on tax evasion.
想要找到卡彭逃税的确凿证据
In 1913,
1913年
the 16th amendment gives the federal government
宪法第十六修正案赋予了联邦政府
the right to tax personal income.
征收个人所得税的权力
Even criminals have to pay taxes.
即使罪犯也必须得交税
Capone is one of the richest men in the country.
卡彭是美国最富有的人之一
He should be paying 25% tax.
他应当交纳25%的个人所得税
Between 1925 and 1929,
1925年到1929年间
he pays nothing.
他的纳税额为零
The defendant himself had no bank accounts,
被告没有银行账户
kept no book records of activities,
也没有经营活动的收支记录
bought no property in his own name.
名下没有任何不动产
He conducted all his financial dealings with currency.
他的所有活动都使用现金交易
To secure a conviction, Wilson needs to prove,
要给卡彭定罪 威尔逊必须证明
Capone has an income on which he is paying no tax.
卡彭有未纳税收入
He uncovers a ledger,
他找到了一本账簿
confiscated from a business called Hawthorne Smoke Shop,
是从一间叫霍桑烟店的公司收缴来的
thought to be a Capone front.
他认为这家店不过是卡彭的幌子
It's a detailed record of a gambling business,
账簿里记录的是博彩生意的详细帐目
but no taxes have been paid on
但这部分的生意收入
the income from this business.
并没有上税
If Wilson can establish a direct link with Capone,
若威尔逊能够证明卡彭还经营博彩生意
he may be able to nail the nation's most notorious criminal
他也许就能将美国头号犯罪头目
on tax evasion.
以逃税罪名绳之于法
Wilson studies the ledger
威尔逊仔细研究了账目
but can't connect it to Capone.
但无法找到其与卡彭的联系
Then, a breakthrough.
然后 找到了突破口
The handwriting.
笔迹
A careful comparison of the handwriting in the ledger
在将账簿中的笔迹
with specimens from various employees of Capone organization
与卡彭一干雇员笔迹样本仔细比较后
established that the handwriting belonged to
威尔逊证明了账簿里的笔迹均来自
the managers and the cashier of the Hawthorne Smoke Shop.
霍桑烟店的经理和收银员
The handwriting proves
笔迹证明了
Capone's connection to the business.
卡彭还经营博彩生意
It's the vital evidence.
这项证据十分关键
On October 18, 1931,
1931年10月18日
Al Capone is found guilty of tax evasion,
阿尔·卡彭逃税罪名成立
and sentenced to 11 years in prison.
被判有期徒刑11年
Frank Wilson found out that he was not paying his taxes.
弗兰克·威尔逊查出了他逃税的证据
It's an odd thing,
这有点出乎所有人意料
this man who had done all these other things,
这个人恶贯满盈
ordered the execution of lots of people,
被他一声令下杀死的人不在少数
was responsible for the murder of people,
他策划了这么多起谋杀案
and they get him on tax evasion.
却因逃税罪名锒铛入狱
Tax is no small matter.
税收并非无足轻重
Prohibition has been a disaster.
禁酒令招致了灾难性的后果
It has massively increased the stranglehold of organized crime.
它使黑社会犯罪势力大大增强
It's cost the government billions in lost tax revenue.
让联邦政府损失了几十亿税收
Gangsters like Capone
像卡彭一样的黑帮
have become rich at America's expense,
将自己的财富建立在整个美国的损失之上
but now more than ever,
然而 政府此时却陷入了
the government needs cash.
有史以来最大的财政危机
The stock-market crash in 1929
1929年的股市大崩盘
has brought the economy to its knees.
拉垮了整个美国经济
The government is broke.
联邦政府破产
A levy on alcohol is a solution.
对酒类饮料征税是出路之一
On December 5, 1933, Prohibition is abolished...
1933年12月5日 禁酒令被废止
killed by the need for cold, hard cash.
直接原因是政府空前的财政短缺
It's an extraordinary U-turn.
这种180度的政策大转弯极为罕见
The only time in history
这也是美国历史上
an amendment to the Constitution is repealed.
唯一一条被废除的宪法修正案
The three decades of economic boom, fueled by oil, cars
历经三十年 由石油 汽车
and the rapid growth of megacities
和大城市快速发展拉动的美国经济大繁荣
are now over.
就此终结
The country has hard times ahead.
这个国家将迎来一段艰难时期
